Thanks a lot Sir for the great efforts in putting this complicated family together. I think if we can put the correct pictures with them, than it will be complete.
regards, Rashida. On Sun, Jun 13, 2010 at 10:29 PM, Satish Phadke <[email protected]>wrote: > That is just Great !! > > > On 13 June 2010 18:47, Gurcharan Singh <[email protected]> wrote: > >> Journey towards eFlora of India: Small steps >> >> Solanum >> >> Some days back I had written to Tabish ji about status of our databases >> and journey towards the preparation of eFlora of India. We seem to have >> reached collecting some data concerning roughly 20 per cent of Indian Flora. >> A rich eFlora should have a few photographs of each species (the major >> strength of our eFlora project), descriptions of species (already a part of >> Flowers of India, but some elaboration needed), Correct nomenclature status >> (partially achieved, authorities and references need be entered). Our >> databases also have added strength of having local names of plants in >> different languages. To my mind two major activities need to be undertaken: >> >> 1. 1. Preparation of list of species under each genus reported in >> India (wild as well as cultivated) so that members can focus on the >> remaining species and upload their photographs to ensure complete >> representation of each genus. >> >> 2. 2. To prepare easy identification keys for the species reported >> from India, to help members and surfers easy identification of species >> >> The situation with regard to present documentation of Indian Flora is that >> we still have to depend on regional Floras, and older these get, less >> reliable they become. There is no better example than the genus Solanum, >> which has been focus of our attention periodically and recently enthusiastic >> efforts of Yazdy ji (who says that only trained taxonomists, with sound >> knowledge of technical details only can contribute to our floristic >> knowledge?, we have to learn a lot from persons like him; Garg ji, Dinesh >> ji, Tabish ji and several other veterans have already proved that) and Raghu >> ji uploading many photographs. I begin with this genus building up taxonomic >> status of species, and request other members to suggest improvements so that >> we know species representation in our subcontinent. You may please look up >> in recent revisions, local floras and suggest species that needs to be >> added. I have tentatively grouped them for easy reference and >> identification. >> >> A. Herbs without prickles >> >> 1. 1. *Solanum nigrum* L.:BLACK NIGHTSHADE, COMMON HIGHTSHADE-- >> Mature berries black, globose, 8-10 mm across; peduncles almost twice as >> long as pedicels; fruiting calyx appressed to fruit; corolla 8-10 mm across; >> anthers 2.5-3.5 mm long. >> >> 2. 2. *Solanum villosum *(L.) Moench. (syn: Solanum nigrum L. var. >> villosum L.; eFlora of Pak.; S. alatum Moench.; S. luteum Mill; S. miniatum >> Bernh. Ex Willd.; s. nigrum auct. (non L.)): RED NIGHTSHADE--Mature berries >> orange to orange-red, ovoid, 6-8 mm across; peduncles shorter than or >> equaling pedicels; anthers 2 mm long. >> >> 3. 3. *Solanum americanum* Mill. (syn: S. nigrum sensu Trimen Handb. >> Fl. Ceylone 3: 231, 1895): AMERICAN NIGHTSHADE--Mature berries black, >> globose, 5-8 mm across; peduncle twice as long as pedicels; fruiting calyx >> spreading; corolla 3-5 mm across; anthers 1-1.5 mm long. >> >> 4. 4. *Solanum lycopersicum* L. (syn: Lycopersicon esculentum >> Mill.): TOMATO--Leaves pinnate compound; flowers yellow; calyx enlarging in >> fruit. >> >> 5. 5. * **Solanum tuberosus* L.: Potato-- plants tuberous; leaves >> pinnate; flowers white or purplish >> >> B. Herbs with Prickles >> >> 6. 6. *Solanum mammosum* L. : MACAWBUSH, NIPLEFRUIT--densely hairy >> and prickly herb; flowers mauve; fruits ovoid-oblong, 4-7 cm long, yellow, >> pointed, with several lobes near base >> >> 7. 7. *Solanum sisymbrifolium* Lam.: DENSE-THORN-BITTER-APPLE, >> STICKY NIGHTSHADE--Prickly herb, leaves deeply pinnately lobed; flowers >> white; fruit bright red, globose, 1-1.5 cm, enclosed in prickly calyx. >> >> C. Herbs with woody base armed or unarmed >> >> 8. 8.* **Solanum melanogena* L.: EGG PLANT : Usually anarmed, >> sometimes armed especially in wild; flocosse-pubescent; leaves sinuate; >> flowers usually solitary, rarely few-flowered; corolla 2-4 cm across, >> bluish; fruits globose or ovoid, more than 3 cm long. >> >> 9. 9. *Solanum integrifolium *Poir.: TOMATO EGG PLANT, SCARLET EGG >> PLANT--Bushy herb, prickles hooked; plant scurfy; leaves sinuately lobed; >> flowers white, in clusters of 2-6, 2 cm across; fruit globose, scarlet or >> yellow, 4-6 cm across. >> >> D. Climbers without prickles >> >> 10. 10. *Solanum laxum *Spreng (syn: S. jasminoides Paxt.): >> POTATO-VINE, JASMINE NIGHTSHADE--Leaves simple, sometimes lobed at base; >> flowers white or tinged blue. >> >> 11. 11. *Solanum dulcamara* L.: EUROPEAN BITTERSWEET—leaves simple, >> entire or 3-lobed at base; fls. Violet spotted with green, 11-13 mm across; >> fruit ovoid, scarlet, 8-10 mm across. >> >> 12. 12. *Solanum seaforthianum* Andr. (syn: S. venustum Kunth): >> BRAZILIAN NIGHTSHADE, POTATO CREEPER-- Leaves pinnate; flowers lilac; fruits >> small, globose, bright red. >> >> E. Climbers with prickles >> >> 13. 13. *Solanum wendlandii* Hook.f.: COSTA RICAN NIGHTSHADE, GIANT >> POTATO CREEPER, PARADISE FLOWER--Leaves pinnate, prickles curved; flowers >> lilac, 5-6 cm across; fruit globose. >> >> F. Shrubs without prickles, flowers white >> >> 14. 14. *Solanum pseudo-capsicum* L.: JERUSALEM-CHERRY---Glabrous >> shrub; leaves narrow-oblong to oblanceolate, entire; peduncle almost absent; >> fls 1-3 together, white, 1-1.5 cm across,; fruit 1-2 cm across, scarlet or >> orange. >> >> 15. 15. *Solanum diphyllum *L.: TWOLEAF NIGHTSHADE—Glabrous hrubLeaves >> elliptic , in unequal pairs; peduncle distinct 3-12 mm long; flowers more >> than 3, white, 4-6 mm across; fruit erect, orange, 7-12 mm across, slightly >> bilobed. >> >> 16. 16. *Solanum erianthum* D. Don (syn: S. verabscifolium L.): Big >> eggplant, China flowerleaf—Single-stemmed shrub or small tree; leaves >> towards tips of branches, with yellowish stellate hairs; inflorescence >> bifurcating, felted; flowers creamy white; fruit globose, 1 cm across, >> yellow covered with stellate hairs >> >> G. Shrubs without prickles, flowers blue or purple >> >> 17. 17. *Solanum pubescens* Willd. Small shrub with ashy-grey tomentum; >> four anthers 4 mm long, one almost 8 mm; fruit globose, glossy red, 1.5 cm >> across. >> >> 18. 18. *Solanum mauritianum* Scop. (syn: s. auriculatum Ait.): Bug >> tree, Wild tomato tree—Shrub or small tree, branches and leaves, grey-green, >> not silvery white; leaf axils with small auricle-like leaves; corolla blue, >> 9-11 mm across; fruit globose, 1.5 cm across, orange-yellow, densely >> stellate pubescent. >> >> 19. 19. *Solanum kurzii* Brace—Small tree with stellate tomentum; >> leaves lobed; fls 8-10 mm across, purple. >> >> H. Shrubs with prickles , prickles straight, without broad base; >> flowers white >> >> 20. 20. *Solanum capsicoides* All. (syn: S. aculeatissimum Clarke in >> FBI 4:237 (non. Jacq.); S. ciliatum Lam.): COCKROACH-BERYY, DEVILS’ >> APPLE--Small shrub not taller than 50 cm; prickles straight, needle-like; >> leaves acutely lobed; calyx prickly; corolla 6 mm across; fruit globose 2.5 >> cm across, pale green with dark green markings, orange red at maturity. >> >> 21. 21. *Solanum lasiocarpum *Scop. (syn: S. ferox Clarke FBI 4:233 >> (non L.); S. straminifolium Gandhi & Saldanha Fl Hassan Dist. 462 (non >> Jacq.)): INDIAN NIGHTSHADE, MAO QUI—Shrub with long straight prickles, >> densely pubescent; leaves up to 40 cm long with short triangular lobes; >> infl. Few-fld; corolla 1.2 cm across, white; fruit globose 2-3 cm across, >> orange, densely covered with hairs. >> >> I. Shrubs with prickles, prickles curved with broad base; flowers >> white >> >> 22. 22. *Solanum torvum* Sw.: DEVIL’ FIG, PEA EGGPLANT, >> TURKEYBERRY—branches stellate hairy; leaves coarsely sinuate, unequal sided >> at base; inflorescence with numerous flowers, dichotomous; flowers 2-2.5 cm >> across, white; fruit 8-12 mm across, globose, yellow turning orange. >> >> 23. 23. *Solanum anguivi* Lam. (syn: S. distichum Schum.; S. indicum >> auct. (non L.); S. sodomeum L.); Shrub with spreading branches; prickles >> few, short; stellate hairy; leaves elliptical-ovate or with 2–4 pairs of >> lobes, base oblique; fls in raceme-like cyme, 5–15-flowered; corolla 6–12 mm >> across, white, occasionally with pale purple veins on the outer surface; >> fruit subglobose, 7–18 mm, green or white when young, red when ripe, in >> clusters of up to 20 fruits. >> >> 24. 24. *Solanum hispidum *Pers.: DEVILS’ FIG—Hispid shrub or tree, >> prickles curved down; leaves deeply pinnately lobed, ferruginous; corolla >> white, 3 cm across; fruit globose, 15 mm across, yellowish brown. >> >> 25. 25. *Solanum aculeatissimum *Jacq. (syn: S. khasianum Cl.): DUTCH >> EGGPLANT, LOVE APPLE—Shrub hirsute with long soft hairs, prickles up to 2 cm >> long, with broad base, straight or slightly curved; leaves deeply lobed; >> corolla white or pink, 2 cm across; berry globose, 2-3 cm across, pale >> yellow. >> >> 26. 26. *Solanum viarum* Dunal (syn: S. khasianum Cl. var. >> chatterjeanum S. Gupta): TROPICAL SODA APPLE—Small shrub with glandular >> hairs; prickles up to 5 mm long, curved as well straight; infl 1-5 fld, >> peduncle reduced; corolla white; berry pale yellow, 2-3 cm across. >> >> J. Shrubs with prickles, prickles straight; flowers blue or violet >> >> 27. 27. *Solanum virginianum* L. (syn: S. xanthocarpum Schrad. & >> Wendl.; S. surattense Burm.f.): YELLOW FRUIT NIGHTSHADE—Small prickly shrub >> up to 40 cm; prickles straight yellow; leaves deeply lobed, greenish and >> glabrescent; fls 2 cm across, violet; fruit globose, yellow, 2 cm across. >> >> K. Shrubs with prickles, prickles curved with broad base; flowers >> blue or purple >> >> 28. 28. *Solanum violaceum * Ortega (syn: Solanum indicum Clarke in FBI >> 4: 234 (non L.); Slender shrub with short curved prickles; leaves lobed, >> unequal at base; corolla-blue-purple, 2-2.5 cm across; fruit, globose, >> orange, 1 cm across. >> >> 29. 29. *Solanum trilobatum* L.: Scrambling shrub, prickles curved; >> leaves obtusely 3-5 lobed; infl. 3-9 fld; corolla purple, 2-3cm across; >> fruit globose, 1.5 cm across, scarlet. >> >> L. Shrubs with prickles on stem, not on leaves >> >> 30. 30. *Solanum giganteum *Jacq.: African holly—Single-stemmed >> tree-like; prickles stout, short; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, glossy >> above, silvery-white beneath; cymose clusters on 2-3 cm long peduncle; >> flowers mauve, ca 1 cm across; fruit 9-11 mm across, globose, glossy red >> when mature. >> >> 31. 31. *Solanum gracilipes* Decne—small shrub, hairs stellate; leaves >> small, about 4 cm long, cordate; infl. 1-3 fld; fls 2 cm across. >> >> >> >> >> >> -- >> Dr. Gurcharan Singh >> Retired Associate Professor >> SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 >> Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018. >> Phone: 011-25518297 Mob: 9810359089 >> http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ <http://people.du.ac.in/%7Esinghg45/> >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "efloraofindia" group. >> To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. >> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >> [email protected]<indiantreepix%[email protected]> >> . >> For more options, visit this group at >> http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix?hl=en. >> > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "efloraofindia" group. > To post to this group, send email to [email protected]. > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to > [email protected]<indiantreepix%[email protected]> > . > For more options, visit this group at > http://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix?hl=en. > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "efloraofindia" group. 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