I was reminded that I had not quoted the Sanskrit passage. Sorry! The servant who impersonates Bhiṣāyaka is described as *tṛṇacchanna*. This is the relevant wording:
sthāne *Bhiṣāyakasya*itāv ādiśya svānujīvinam | *tṛṇacchannaṃ* mahāratnaiś caitryāṃ pūjayatas sma tau || Jonar. RT 44 || The scarecrow function also seems to have been fulfilled by wooden figures carved in the shape of birds of prey: yat kārukḷptakoṇasthadārugāruḍamūrtibhiḥ | trastāś caranto nāyānti pakṣiṇas tan nabho’dhvanā || Śrīvara RT III.175 || "When they get scared by the wooden figures of Garuḍa on the juts of the [palace] where the craftsmen have placed them, the birds fly about in the air [and] do not return there." WS Am Sa., 6. Apr. 2024 um 15:12 Uhr schrieb Walter Slaje < [email protected]>: > Dear Arlo, > > > very literally the sense of bibhīṣikā/bibhīṣikā > I recall one proper name with a causative element of "scaring" (bhiṣāyaka) > - unfortunately not with mumaṇḍi/ mumaṇḍī - in connection with a straw > figure. The point is that a Yakṣa of this name was apparently the object of > worship in the form of a scarecrow. This is illustrated by a story of two > swindlers who relieved a naïve Kashmiri ruler (Paramāṇuka [1155-1164]) of > his precious jewellery by having a servant covered with straw take the > place of Bhiṣāyaka to accept this 'gift of jewellery' from the king and > making him disappear into the forest with it. This how the amusing story > ends: > > "Today, you have satisfied Kubera by adorning him with a variety of > jewels. He gave you his blessings and then disappeared before the eyes of > the people." > [And that was not all:] the rogues thereupon caused the infantile, > pitiable ruler to make them a gift as a token of favour. In this manner, by > means of terrifying this weak king like a little child, the two bon-vivants > completely plundered his treasure (Rājataraṅgiṇī of Jonarāja 41-47, > Pseudo-Jonarāja 1 [B 47-49]). > > Best, > Walter > > Am Sa., 6. Apr. 2024 um 13:21 Uhr schrieb Arlo Griffiths via INDOLOGY < > [email protected]>: > >> Dear colleagues, >> >> I wish to thank the numerous colleagues who responded to my query on and >> off the list. In alphabetical order, they are Sadananda Das, Vincent >> Eltschinger, Rupert Gethin, Suhas Mahesh, Andrew Ollett, Walter Slaje, >> Harry Spier, Carmen Spiers. Forgive me if I forget anyone. >> >> Below I assemble all the data I have received or found myself, starting >> with references to Michaël Meyer's most convenient aggregation (known to >> me) of all relevant modern dictionaries. >> >> But all of this started for me with an attempt to help my student >> Zakariya Pamuji Aminullah edit the Sanskrit-Old Javanese lexicographic text >> part of the Old Javanese Candrakiraṇa (alias Chandakaraṇa) that he is >> editing for his PhD thesis. At the moment, his edition has two juxtaposed >> synonym sets (where Old Javanese ṅa means iti and introduces the Old >> Javanese terms corresponding to the Sanskrit ones). >> >> 307 Synonyms of Effigy >> cañcā, ṅa riṅgit. >> 308 Synonyms of Scarecrow >> kuṣmāṇḍī, ṅa pitakut. >> >> He has direct access to three Javanese palm-leaf manuscripts (J1, J2, J2) >> plus Lokesh Chandra's edition which was based only on a Romanized >> transcript of J1. >> >> Lokesh Chandra. 1997. “Chanda-Karaṇa: The Art of Writing Poetry.” *Cultural >> horizons of India, vol 6*, by Lokesh Chandra, 140–242. Śata-Piṭaka >> Series 390. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya >> Prakashan. >> >> Apparatus for the above passage: >> >> riṅgit] EdLC, riṅgit[... J1, ruṅgīt J2, lac. J3 (larger gap) >> riṅgit … (310.1) śiṅśapa] A gap due to loss intervenes in J1. >> kuṣmāṇḍī] conj., mumaṇḍih EdLC, mumaṇḍī J2, lac. J1 (larger gap), lac. J3 >> (larger gap). >> >> Alas, we have only one ms. that gives the OJ word pitakut, which >> expresses very literally the sense of bibhīṣikā/bibhīṣikā (the base takut >> means 'to fear', the prefix pi- adds causative meaning), and the >> corresponding Sanskrit was still preserved in ms. J1 when the person who >> made the transcription used by Lokesh Chandra had access to it in the >> course of the 20th c. and read mumaṇḍih, while we find mumaṇḍī in J2. >> Despite all the data received on Sanskrit terms meaning 'scarecrow', we >> still seem to have no word that is similar enough to mumaṇḍih/mumaṇḍī that >> Zakariya could adopt instead of the unconvincing conjecture kuṣmāṇḍī. >> >> Since cañcā does seem to be standard term for 'scarecrow' while the terms >> tr̥ṇapuruṣa/tr̥ṇapūruṣa is also common in that meaning, while an authority >> like the Viśvaprakāśa combines them both in one synonym set (cañco >> nalādinirmāṇe cañcā tu tr̥ṇapūruṣe |), I am even wondering if we should >> radically intervene in the transmission to merge both entries into one and >> get two Sanskirt terms for a single Old Javanese gloss, like this: >> >> 307 Synonyms of Scarecrow >> cañcā, tr̥ṇapuruṣa, ṅa pitakut. >> >> Suggestions are welcome. >> >> Best wishes, >> >> Arlo >> >> >> Dictionary entries >> >> cañcā https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/ca%C3%B1c%C4%81 >> cañcāpāñcajana >> https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/ca%C3%B1c%C4%81p%C4%81%C3%B1cajana >> cañcāpuruṣa >> https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/ca%C3%B1c%C4%81puru%E1%B9%A3a >> cañcāveṣā >> https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/ca%C3%B1c%C4%81ve%E1%B9%A3%C4%81 >> jharaṅka https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/jhara%E1%B9%85ka >> tr̥ṇakāminī >> https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/t%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%87ak%C4%81min%C4%AB >> tr̥ṇapuruṣa >> https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/t%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%87apuru%E1%B9%A3a >> bibhīṣikā >> https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/bibh%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3ik%C4%81 >> bibhīṣikā >> https://michaelmeyer.fr/sanskrit/meta/terms/vibh%c4%ab%e1%b9%a3ik%c4%81 >> >> Text passages >> >> Sanskrit 1. [Carmen Spiers] >> lemma: *śakuniprapatana-. >> attestation: Paippal¯¯dsaṁhitā 19.47.8 >> māṁsam ivāsinā śakuniprapatanāṁ kr̥dhi | >> mr̥gām̐ anu pra pātaya marīcīr anu nāśaya || >> comment Carmen Spiers: "śakuniprapatanā- seems to refer to something like >> a scarecrow in Atharvaveda, Paippalāsaṁhitā 19.47.8b; though it is an >> epithet applied to a woman whom the speaker wishes to become insane or >> shunned, a masculine form meaning "scarecrow" might be the inspiration for >> it." >> >> Sanskrit 2. [Suhas Mahesh] >> lemma: tr̥ṇa-pūruṣa >> attestation: Bhallaṭaśataka 1.74 >> saṁrakṣituṁ kr̥ṣim akāri kr̥ṣīvalena paśyātmanaḥ pratikr̥tis >> **tr̥ṇapūruṣo** 'yam | >> stabdhasya niṣkriyatayāstabhiyo 'sya nūnam aśnanti gomr̥gagaṇāḥ pura eva >> sasyam || >> >> Sanskrit 3. [Suhas Mahesh] >> lemma: tr̥ṇa-kr̥ta-kr̥trima-puruṣa >> attestation: Nītidviṣaṣṭikā of Sundarapāṇdya 104 >> yo na dadāti na bhuṅkte vibhave sati naiva tasya tad dravyam | >> **tr̥ṇa-kr̥ta-kr̥trima-puruṣo** rakṣati sasyaṁ parasyārthe || >> >> Sanskrit 4. [Andrew Ollett] >> lemma: vīrut-tr̥ṇa-maya-puruṣa in >> attestattion: Subhāṣitaratnakōṣa 264 >> kāmaṁ kūlē nadīnām anugiri mahiṣīyūthanīḍōpakaṇṭhē >> gāhantē śaṣparājīr abhinavaśalabhagrāsalōkā balākāḥ >> antarvinyastavīruttr̥ṇamayapuruṣatrāsavighnaṁ kathañcit >> kāpotaṁ kodravāṇāṁ kavalayati kaṇān kṣētrakōṇaikadeśe >> >> Ingalls' translation: >> By the streambank, up toward the hills, >> close by where the buffaloes are lying, >> the cranes stalk calmly through the young grass >> hunting for fresh locusts; >> the flock of doves, though hindered by their fear >> of straw-filled scarecrows set therein, >> yet manages to peck up grains of beggarweed >> along a corner of the field. >> >> Sanskrit 5. [Suhas Mahesh] >> lemma: cañcā >> attestation: Līlāvatīsāra 11.86 (L.D. Series edition) >> mahākulaṁ kalāsthānaṁ yuvānam api khecaram | >> manyate sva-guṇāhaṁyuś **cañcā**-sadhryañcam eva sā || >> >> Sanskrit 6. [Arlo Griffiths] >> lemma: cañcā >> attestation: Amaraṭīkāsarvasva ed. Ganapati Sastri, vol. IV, p. 172 >> manuṣyaḥ cañceva cañcāmanuṣyaḥ kharakuṭī nāpitaśālā | cañcā tr̥ṇamayaḥ >> puruṣo yaḥ kṣetrarakṣaṇāya kriyat >> >> Sanskrit 7. [Suhas Mahesh] >> lemma: *mr̥ga-kula-udbhēṣaka. >> See Prakrit 1 below. >> >> Pali 1 [Rupert Gethin] >> lemma: tiṇa-purisaka >> attestation: Visuddhimagga 457 (XIV.113); Atthasālinī (111) >> comment Rupert Gethin: In the Abhidhamma definition of saññā we find: >> yathā-upaṭṭhitavisayapadaṭṭhānā tiṇapurisakesu migapotakānaṁ purisā ti >> uppannasaññā viyā, 'Its footing is an object as presented, as when young >> animals have the cognition ‘people’ with regard to scarecrows.' >> >> Prakrit 1 [Suhas Mahesh] >> jahiṁ tumaṁ saccaviā viṇiaṁsaṇa-lolirī juānehiṁ | >> te tattha cciya chette **maa-ula-ubbhesaā** jāā || Śr̥ṅgāraprakāśa p. >> 1195 (Josyer’s edition) >> ** Skt mr̥ga-kula-udbhēṣaka. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> ------------------------------ >> *From:* INDOLOGY <[email protected]> on behalf of Arlo >> Griffiths via INDOLOGY <[email protected]> >> *Sent:* Sunday, March 31, 2024 1:17 AM >> *To:* INDOLOGY <[email protected]> >> *Subject:* [INDOLOGY] scarecrow >> >> Dear colleagues, >> >> Looking through NWS (search term Vogelscheuche), MW, and even the >> English-Sanskrit dictionaries at >> https://sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/simple/, it is hard to find any >> words that evidently means 'scarecrow' in Sanskrit. >> >> Would anyone be able to point me to words expressing this meaning with >> some degree of plausibility? >> >> Best wishes, >> >> Arlo Griffiths >> >> >> >> _______________________________________________ >> INDOLOGY mailing list >> [email protected] >> https://list.indology.info/mailman/listinfo/indology >> >
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