I might have spoken too soon. It appears that the issue is not with nntp
groups, but with nnrss. I ran the profile and saw the following:

        2999  73% - command-execute
        2641  64%  - funcall-interactively
        2637  64%   - gnus
        2637  64%    - gnus-1
        2626  63%     - #<compiled 0xffd5eb68ee5dbf1>
        2626  63%      - gnus-setup-news
        2622  63%       - gnus-get-unread-articles
        2403  58%        - gnus-read-active-for-groups
        1855  45%         - gnus-read-active-file-2
        1855  45%          - gnus-retrieve-groups
        1855  45%           - nnrss-retrieve-groups
        1652  40%            - nnrss-check-group
        1356  33%             - nnrss-fetch
        1288  31%              - xml-parse-region
        1288  31%               - xml--parse-buffer
        1288  31%                - xml-parse-tag-1
        1288  31%                 - xml-parse-tag-1
        1288  31%                  - xml-parse-tag-1
        1284  31%                   - xml-parse-tag-1
        1221  29%                    - xml-parse-tag-1
         153   3%                     - xml-parse-string
          15   0%                        #<compiled 0xa4190491901ef>
          16   0%              + mm-url-insert
         259   6%             + nnrss-make-hash-index
          15   0%             + nnrss-find-el
           4   0%               nnrss-translate-file-chars
           3   0%             + nnrss-get-namespace-prefix
         199   4%            + nnrss-possibly-change-group
         544  13%         - gnus-request-scan
         544  13%          - nnmaildir-request-scan
         541  13%           - nnmaildir--scan
         431  10%            - nnmaildir--grp-add-art
         401   9%             - nnmaildir--update-nov
         141   3%              + nnheader-insert-file-contents
           7   0%              + nnmaildir--param
          21   0%            + mapcar
           4   0%         + gnus-finish-retrieve-group-infos
         162   3%        + gnus-open-server
          40   0%        + gnus-request-update-info
          14   0%        + gnus-retrieve-group-data-early
           3   0%          gnus-message
           4   0%       + gnus-cache-open
           7   0%     + gnus-splash
           4   0%     + gnus-read-init-file
           4   0%   + execute-extended-command
         358   8%  + byte-code
        1107  26% - ...
        1107  26%    Automatic GC

It appears that much of the time was spent on fetching and parsing rss
feeds. I am using (setq nnrss-use-local t) which I expected to be much
faster, but that gnus is still very slow.

Some of you suggested to change the level of subscription to a higher
number. What are the implications of this change? I mainly am interested
in getting the list of new news of all subscribed groups about once a
day.

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