Are we 'free' to think?

*Is freedom of expression possible without freedom of thought? *



The idea of freedom of thought and expression is as old as thinking itself.
In contemporary age it is generally discussed under the shadow of democracy.
This new version has two new features. First, the notions freedom of thought
and freedom of expression are entwined conceptually. Secondly, it appears
more as a struggle against others who hamper its exercise. The subject of
the present article is to discuss these two points and suggest that to
achieve freedom of thought, first we need to separate it from freedom of
expression and work on it and secondly freedom of expression might be a
fight against others but freedom of thought is an endeavour in one's own
'self'.

Democracy treats freedom of expression and thought as a unified concept but
in this unification the freedom of expression becomes prominent because the
freedom of thought inheres in the freedom of expression. If one is free to
express, one has already received the freedom of thought. But, in fact,
thinking and its expression are two separate processes. One thinks and then
expresses. The expression is only an exposure of something which has already
been shaped by a mind. If that mind is not free, the freedom of expression
loses all significance. Freedom of expression has its own importance but
freedom of thought is the prerequisite.

The question arises as to what is the freedom of thought. Our mind is our
thinking machine. If one is 'thinking', one is thinking freely only; that is
the general opinion. But the situation is not as simple. Our thinking has so
many inner and outer influences that our thoughts emerge more as anticipated
output of a complex system than free choice of a conscious mind. We are so
'bound' by our inner and outer environments that we even lose the 'feel' of
freedom. To restitute it, first we need to understand the bondage and then
find the key to freedom.

The mind is a unified structure of myriad aspects, phases, layers; visible
and invisible. It is present and at the same time constantly changing. It is
an outward exposition; it is an inward process as well. The mind is
conscious but it also works at unconscious, sub-conscious, half-conscious
levels. It would be interesting to know that Indian philosophy has counted
as many as eight levels. There is no end. The depth of the consciousness is
ever unfolding. The idea is that when we consider the freedom of thought we
need to define exactly what a free mind is in the light of all these aspects
to the best of our knowledge.
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