That's true for IPv4,the only way to do stateless ECMP and have
fragments follow the same path as non-fragments is to hash over the IP
addresses only.
There is not enough entropy in that.
I remember the original ECMP studies, and if the designers could have
got away with just SA/DA/Prot they would have. In those days we were
using s/w forwarders and the ECMP "feature" cost headline PPS which in
those days was the key metric.
For IPv6 we can do better. The flow label allows finer
grained per-flow routing, but still only requires inspection of IP
header so keeping fragments in order just works.
If you can trust it.
- Stewart
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