El Dimarts 15 Gener 2008, Fusté Sánchez, Cesar va escriure:
> Com sabeu quin programa fa cada cosa? Cada vegada cal anar a google i
> buscar que hem d'instal·lar o que cridar per a fer cada cosa? Porta alguna
> MENA de biblioteca integrada?
>
> Es que en algun correu heu parlat de synaptic, i suposo que deu ser això
> que plantejo però no ho tinc clar.
Passat: anar a Google, visitar planes de fabricants, totes diferents, que
demanen emails per poder baixar coses, que després envien publicitat, que sí
versions trial, que si Lite, amb limitacions per a que paguis llicència,
cercar cracks, que els cracks portin ves-te'n a saber què, anar a cercar
actualitzacions de cada programa al web de cada fabricant, tornar a començar
aquest paràgraf.
Present: els gestors de programes lliures que duu cada distro. Tots els
programes que necessites són dins uns paquets .deb (parit per Debian, Ubuntu
ho reaprofita --és lo que té ser lliure, no importa reinventar la roda si ja
és prou rodona). No has de cercar-los, dins un arxiu que
nom /etc/apt/sources.list hi ha la llista de servidors on pots hi és tot --és
lo que té ser lliure, tot pot estar a llocs diferents del fabricant i sense
demanar-li permís. Hi ha un conjunt de programes que gestionen
aquest /etc/apt/sources.list:
- Miren la llista de programes disponibles i en fan una base de dades local
- Miren cada dia si hi ha canvis dins aquest programes i avisen de
l'actualització
- Tenen eines de cerca dins la llista de programes
- Eines d'instal·lació i desinstal·lació
- Tenen eines de gestió dels paquets: saber quins arxius instal·la cada
programa, saber a quin paquet pertany aquest arxiu, saber què tenc
instal·lat, què puc instal·lar
- Eines de consulta: cercar per paraules clau, p.e. «browser» i et digui tots
els navegadors disponibles, quins tens instal·lats i quins no.
Això es fa amb diferents programes:
- apt/dpkg: són els originals del sistema .deb
- aptitude: una millora del apt, bàsicament és un poc més intel·ligent a la
hora d'instal·lar i sobretot desinstal·lar.
- synaptic: una interfície gràfica per l'apt
De moment tira del synaptic, allà hi és tot. Està al final del menú
principal, el primer a l'esquerre, i crec que diu «afegir»-no-sé-què-més.
Si vols badar què fan altres, com apt/dpkg i aptitude, demana. Són de línia
d'ordres, més potents, però diuen que la línia d'ordres (s'usa al programa
que diu Terminal a l'Ubuntu) estressa al començament ;)
Només si vols practicar:
P.e. saber a quin paquet pertany l'arxiu /bin/ls
$ dpkg -S /bin/ls
coreutils: /bin/ls
Pertany a coreutils. Quina versió tinc?
$ dpkg -l coreutils
5.97-5.7
(diu més coses, he retallat)
Quines versions hi ha disponibles al servidor i a quin servidor es troba?
$ apt-cache policy coreutils
coreutils:
Instal·lat: 5.97-5.7
Candidat: 5.97-5.7
Taula de versió:
*** 5.97-5.7 0
500 ftp://ftp.fr.debian.org unstable/main Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
Tenc el darrer.
Què fa? De quina família és? Com està etiquetat? De quins programes depèn?
Vull tota la informació:
$ apt-cache show coreutils
Package: coreutils
Essential: yes
Priority: required
Section: utils
Installed-Size: 8360
Maintainer: Michael Stone <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Architecture: i386
Version: 5.97-5.7
Replaces: debianutils (<= 2.3.1), dpkg (<< 1.13.2), fileutils, shellutils,
stat, textutils
Provides: fileutils, shellutils, textutils
Pre-Depends: libacl1 (>= 2.2.11-1), libc6 (>= 2.7-1), libselinux1 (>= 2.0.15)
Conflicts: stat
Filename: pool/main/c/coreutils/coreutils_5.97-5.7_i386.deb
Size: 3118764
MD5sum: 5436e9a0deed6e4965b47c1cbf508a83
SHA1: 9479b66d8b2997069d1c4be275a1b8f6a7c14a60
SHA256: d904f4c1f8574c34bb3e454e2070b4217a0212fc3c15da55aa3288af3fae21a3
Description: The GNU core utilities
This package contains the essential basic system utilities.
.
Specifically, this package includes:
basename cat chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp csplit cut date dd df dir
dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr factor false fmt fold groups head
hostid id install join link ln logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mv nice
nl
nohup od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink rm rmdir
sha1sum seq shred sleep sort split stat stty sum sync tac tail tee test touch
tr true tsort tty uname unexpand uniq unlink users vdir wc who whoami yes
Tag: admin::configuring, implemented-in::c, interface::commandline,
role::program, scope::utility, suite::gnu, works-with::file
I quins arxius m'ha instal·lat i on?
$ dpkg -L coreutils
/.
/bin
/bin/cat
/bin/chgrp
/bin/chmod
/bin/chown
/bin/cp
/bin/date
/bin/dd
/bin/df
/bin/dir
/bin/echo
/bin/false
/bin/ln
/bin/ls
/bin/mkdir
/bin/mknod
/bin/mv
/bin/pwd
/bin/readlink
/bin/rm
/bin/rmdir
/bin/vdir
/bin/sleep
/bin/stty
/bin/sync
/bin/touch
/bin/true
/bin/uname
/sbin
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/coreutils
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/THANKS-to-translators
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/README.Debian
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/copyright
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/buildinfo.gz
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/README.gz
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/THANKS.gz
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/TODO.gz
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/NEWS.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/coreutils/changelog.gz
/usr/share/info
/usr/share/info/coreutils.info.gz
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man1
/usr/share/man/man1/groups.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/head.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/hostid.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/id.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/install.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/join.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/link.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ln.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/logname.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/md5sum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mkdir.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mkfifo.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mknod.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/mv.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/nice.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/nl.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/nohup.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/od.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/paste.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/pathchk.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/pinky.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/pr.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/printenv.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/printf.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/ptx.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/pwd.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/readlink.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/rm.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/seq.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sha1sum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sha224sum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sha256sum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sha384sum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sha512sum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/shred.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sleep.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sort.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/split.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/stat.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/stty.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/sync.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/tac.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/tail.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/tee.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/touch.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/tr.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/true.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/tsort.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/tty.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/uname.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/unexpand.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/uniq.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/unlink.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/users.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/vdir.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/wc.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/who.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/whoami.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/yes.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/chcon.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/runcon.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/basename.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/cat.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/chgrp.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/chmod.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/chown.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/cksum.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/comm.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/cp.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/csplit.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/cut.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/date.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/dd.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/df.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/dir.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/dircolors.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/dirname.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/du.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/echo.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/env.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/expand.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/expr.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/factor.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/false.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/fmt.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/fold.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/rmdir.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/test.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8.gz
/usr/share/locale
/usr/share/locale/af
/usr/share/locale/af/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/af/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/af/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/be
/usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/be/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/be/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/bg
/usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/bg/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/bg/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/ca
/usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/ca/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ca/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/cs
/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/da
/usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/da/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/da/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/de
/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/de/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/el
/usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/el/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/es
/usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/es/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/et
/usr/share/locale/et/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/et/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/et/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/eu
/usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/eu/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/eu/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/fi
/usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/fi/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/fi/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/fr
/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/ga
/usr/share/locale/ga/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/ga/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ga/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/gl
/usr/share/locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/gl/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/gl/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/hr
/usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/hr/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/hr/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/hu
/usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/hu/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/hu/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/it
/usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/it/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/it/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/ja
/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/ko
/usr/share/locale/ko/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/ko/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ko/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/lg
/usr/share/locale/lg/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/lg/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/lg/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/ms
/usr/share/locale/ms/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/ms/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ms/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/nb
/usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/nb/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/nb/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/nl
/usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/nl/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/nl/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/no
/usr/share/locale/no/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/no/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/no/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/pl
/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/pt
/usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/pt/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/pt_BR
/usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/ru
/usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/ru/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ru/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/rw
/usr/share/locale/rw/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/rw/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/rw/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/sk
/usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/sk/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sk/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/sl
/usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/sl/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sl/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/sv
/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/tr
/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/vi
/usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/vi/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/vi/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/zh_CN
/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_TIME
/usr/share/locale/zh_TW
/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES
/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_MESSAGES/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_TIME
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/[
/usr/bin/dircolors
/usr/bin/du
/usr/bin/install
/usr/bin/link
/usr/bin/mkfifo
/usr/bin/nohup
/usr/bin/shred
/usr/bin/stat
/usr/bin/unlink
/usr/bin/cksum
/usr/bin/comm
/usr/bin/csplit
/usr/bin/cut
/usr/bin/expand
/usr/bin/fmt
/usr/bin/fold
/usr/bin/head
/usr/bin/join
/usr/bin/md5sum
/usr/bin/nl
/usr/bin/od
/usr/bin/paste
/usr/bin/pr
/usr/bin/ptx
/usr/bin/sha1sum
/usr/bin/sha224sum
/usr/bin/sha256sum
/usr/bin/sha384sum
/usr/bin/sha512sum
/usr/bin/sort
/usr/bin/split
/usr/bin/sum
/usr/bin/tac
/usr/bin/tail
/usr/bin/tr
/usr/bin/tsort
/usr/bin/unexpand
/usr/bin/uniq
/usr/bin/wc
/usr/bin/basename
/usr/bin/dirname
/usr/bin/env
/usr/bin/expr
/usr/bin/factor
/usr/bin/id
/usr/bin/logname
/usr/bin/pathchk
/usr/bin/printenv
/usr/bin/printf
/usr/bin/seq
/usr/bin/tee
/usr/bin/test
/usr/bin/tty
/usr/bin/whoami
/usr/bin/yes
/usr/bin/chcon
/usr/bin/runcon
/usr/bin/hostid
/usr/bin/nice
/usr/bin/pinky
/usr/bin/users
/usr/bin/who
/usr/bin/groups
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/chroot
/usr/share/man/man1/[.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/md5sum.textutils.1.gz
/usr/share/locale/af/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/be/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/bg/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ca/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/da/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/de/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/el/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/es/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/et/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/eu/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/fi/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ga/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/gl/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/hr/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/hu/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/it/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ko/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/lg/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ms/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/nb/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/nl/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/no/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ru/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/rw/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sk/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sl/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/vi/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/bin/touch
/usr/bin/md5sum.textutils
És dels grossets :)
--
Benjamí
http://blog.bitassa.cat
.
_______________________________________________
llista de correu de l'Internauta
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://zeus.internauta.net/mailman/listinfo/internauta
