Thanks Mahesh for the detailed review. I have raised
https://github.com/tireddy2/ikev2-pqc-auth/pull/45 to address the DISCUSS
and comments.

-Tiru



On Wed, 19 Aug 2026 at 01:20, Mahesh Jethanandani via Datatracker <
[email protected]> wrote:

> Mahesh Jethanandani has entered the following ballot position for
> draft-ietf-ipsecme-ikev2-pqc-auth-11: Discuss
>
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>
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> DISCUSS:
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Thanks first of all to the authors for working on this document. Much like
> Ketan, I am not an expert in security or IKEv2, but something caught my
> attention that I think would be worth discussing.
>
> ection 3.2.1, Handling PQC Signatures in IKEv2, Identity-hash gating:
>
> 253 >    Version 2 (IKEv2)" [RFC8420] and indicates that the input message
> is
> 254 >    used as-is, without any hash function applied.  Therefore,
> 255 >    implementations supporting such PQC signature algorithms MUST
> include
> 256 >    the 'Identity' hash (5) in the SIGNATURE_HASH_ALGORITHMS
> 257 >    notification.  Furthermore, PQC signature algorithms requiring the
> 258 >    'Identity' hash MUST NOT be used with a peer that has not
> indicated
> 259 >    support for the Identity hash in its notify payload.
>
> The SIGNATURE_HASH_ALGORITHMS notification travels in the IKE_SA_INIT
> exchange, which RFC 7296 sends entirely in the clear if my understanding
> is correct. That makes the MUST NOT above an unauthenticated
> gate. An active on-path attacker who strips or zeroes the Identity-hash bit
> from a peer's SIGNATURE_HASH_ALGORITHMS notification during IKE_SA_INIT
> causes the other side to conclude, per this exact rule, that it cannot use
> any PQC signature algorithm with that peer, since every PQC scheme this
> document defines requires the Identity hash, and to fall back silently to
> a traditional algorithm such as RSA or ECDSA. That's precisely the
> algorithm
> class a CRQC-capable adversary is assumed to break, and such an adversary
> doesn't need the quantum computer to pull this off: removing a two-octet
> hash-algorithm ID from an unauthenticated notify payload is well within
> range of an ordinary on-path attacker today.
>
> What is different from RFC 9593 here is the "MUST NOT be used with a
> peer that has not indicated support" language makes Identity-hash support a
> hard precondition for using any PQC algorithm at all.
>
> Section 8 doesn't mention this risk at all. I'd like the authors to add
> text
> to Security Considerations acknowledging it and giving implementers
> guidance
> on avoiding a silent downgrade -- for example, a local policy option to
> hard-fail the negotiation rather than fall back when PQC authentication is
> required for that peer.
>
> This dovetails with Ketan's point about the document
> lacking guidance for the "PQC-mandatory" deployment case. I don't think
> this
> needs a protocol fix, but it needs acknowledgment and guidance in the text,
> some of which can be made in an Operational Considerations section (see
> comment below).
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> COMMENT:
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Section 8, Security Considerations, SUF-CMA/EUF-CMA paragraph:
>
> 453 >    PQC signature algorithms are generally modeled to achieve strong
> 454 >    unforgeability under adaptive chosen-message attacks (SUF-CMA; see
> 455 >    Section 10.1.1 of PQC for Engineers [RFC9958]).  For example,
> ML-DSA
> 456 >    provides SUF-CMA security.  However, some algorithms, such as SLH-
> 457 >    DSA, achieve existential unforgeability under chosen-message
> attacks
> 458 >    (EUF-CMA; see Section 10.1.1 of PQC for Engineers [RFC9958]).
> This
> 459 >    distinction does not impact IKEv2, as the signed data in each
> session
> 460 >    is unique due to the inclusion of nonces.  Consequently, the
> oracle-
> 461 >    based forgery attack scenarios in the EUF-CMA model do not arise
> in
> 462 >    IKEv2.
>
> Mike Bishop noted that this text "suggests a distinction between the two,
> but the citation suggests they should be equivalent." He's right, and
> having
> gone and read RFC 9958 Section 10.1.1 myself, the citation doesn't just
> "suggest" equivalence -- it states it outright:
>
>  > SUF-CMA (strong unforgeability under chosen message attack) builds upon
>  > EUF-CMA by requiring that an adversary cannot produce a different valid
>  > signature for a message that has already been signed by the signing
>  > oracle. [...] ML-DSA, FN-DSA, and SLH-DSA also achieve SUF-CMA security.
>
> All three algorithms, not just ML-DSA.
>
> As written, this paragraph doesn't
> merely cite the wrong nuance -- it draws a distinction between ML-DSA and
> SLH-DSA that its own cited source explicitly says doesn't exist. I'd
> suggest either dropping the SUF-CMA/EUF-CMA contrast
> and just noting both algorithms meet SUF-CMA per RFC 9958, or citing a
> source that actually supports treating SLH-DSA as EUF-CMA-only.
>
> --
>
> Missing Operational Considerations section:
>
> draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5706bis recommends an Operational Considerations
> section ahead of Security Considerations for documents defining protocol
> extensions. This document adds a new negotiable authentication mechanism
> with real deployment questions attached -- which PQC algorithms a given
> site trusts, whether PQC authentication is mandatory or opportunistic (see
> Ketan's comment and my DISCUSS above) -- none of which is addressed outside
> the protocol mechanics in Sections 3-6. The authors might consider a short
> section on this, even if it just states that algorithm trust and PQC-
> mandatory policy are local matters outside the document's scope.
>
> ---
>
> Section 3.2, side-channel reference requested by OPSDIR:
>
> 200 >    In the deterministic mode, the signature is derived entirely from
> the
> 201 >    message and the signer's private key, without introducing fresh
> 202 >    randomness at signing time.  While this eliminates reliance on an
> 203 >    external random number generator, it increases susceptibility to
> 204 >    side-channel attacks, particularly fault injection attacks.
>
> I thank Tony Li (OPSDIR) for asking that this paragraph add "a reference
> for
> side-channel attacks and how they might apply to deterministic mode." The
> authors indicated on the list they'd address it via a PR, but I don't see a
> citation added in -11 -- this sentence is unchanged and still unreferenced.
> Worth confirming this lands before publication.
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> NIT
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> All comments below are about very minor potential issues that you may
> choose to address in some way - or ignore - as you see fit. Some were
> flagged by automated tools (via
> https://github.com/larseggert/ietf-reviewtool), so there will likely
> be some false positives. There is no need to let me know what you did
> with these suggestions.
>
> Informative References, [Lyu09] entry, mismatched quote marks:
>
> 568 >    [Lyu09]    "V. Lyubashevsky, “Fiat-Shamir With Aborts:
> Applications
> 569 >               to Lattice and Factoring-Based Signatures“, ASIACRYPT
>
> s/Signatures“, ASIACRYPT/Signatures”, AISACRYPT"/
>
> Appendix A, inconsistent rendering of "External μ":
>
> 634 >    The second approach involves using the Externalμ-ML-DSA API
> allowed
>
> s/Externalμ-ML-DSA/External μ-ML-DSA/  (also at line 641; compare "External
> μ" with a space at lines 636, 640, and 650-651)
>
> Appendix B, missing blank line before "Parameters are absent.":
>
> 694 >    id-ml-dsa-87(19) }
> 695 >    Parameters are absent.
>
> Every other entry in Appendix B has a blank line between the closing brace
> of the OBJECT IDENTIFIER and "Parameters are absent."; B.3 is missing it,
> and the same slip recurs at B.7 (lines 741-742), B.11 (lines 788-789), and
> B.15 (lines 835-836).
>
> Section 8, article usage:
>
> 488 >    large that even a IKEv2 server establishing IKEv2 sessions at an
>
> s/even a IKEv2 server/even an IKEv2 server/
>
>
>
>
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