Is it better to recite Qur'aan from memory or to read from the Mus-haf? 

Question: 

Is it better to read Qur'aan whilst looking at the Mus-haf, or to recite from 
memory?. 


Answer: 

Praise be to Allaah. 

In prayer, it is better to recite from memory. See question no. 3465. 

Outside of prayer, it is better for a person to do that which will increase his 
khushoo' (humility, focus). If his khushoo' will be increased by reciting from 
memory, then that is better; if his khushoo' will be increased by reading from 
the Mus-haf, then that is better. If it is the same in either case, then 
reading from the Mus-haf is better, because it combines reading and looking, 
and his eyes will be protected from looking at things that may distract him 
from reciting and pondering the meaning. 

Al-Nawawi said in al-Adhkaar (p. 90-91): 

Reading Qur'aan from the Mus-haf is better than reciting from memory; this is 
the view of our companions and it is well known from the salaf (may Allaah be 
pleased with them). This does not apply in all cases however; if the reader can 
focus and ponder the meanings more when reciting from memory than when reading 
from the Mus-haf, then reciting from memory is better. If it is the same in 
both cases, then reading from the Mus-haf is better. This is what the salaf 
meant. 

There are weak (da'eef) ahaadeeth narrated from the Prophet (peace and 
blessings of Allaah be upon him) which cannot be used as proof that it is 
better to look at the Mus-haf. We mention them only to draw attention to the 
fact that they are weak. These include: 

"Looking at the Mus-haf is an act of worship; for a child to look at his 
parents is an act of worship; looking at `Ali ibn Abi Taalib is an act of 
worship." This is a fabricated (mawdoo') hadeeth, as al-Albaani said in 
al-Silsilah al-Da'eefah, 1/531. 

"Give your eyes their share of worship: looking at the Mus-haf, thinking about 
it and pondering its wonders." This is also fabricated (mawdoo'). Al-Silsilah 
al-Da'eefah, 4/88. 

"Five things are acts of worship: eating little, sitting in the mosque, looking 
at the Ka'bah, looking at the Mus-haf and looking at the face of a scholar." 
This is a very weak (da'eef jiddan) hadeeth. Da'eef al-Jaami' al-Sagheer, no. 
2855. 

And Allaah knows best. 

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{Invite (mankind, O Muhammad ) to the Way of your Lord (i.e. Islam) with wisdom 
(i.e. with the Divine Inspiration and the Qur'an) and fair preaching, and argue 
with them in a way that is better. Truly, your Lord knows best who has gone 
astray from His Path, and He is the Best Aware of those who are guided.} 
(Holy Quran-16:125)

{And who is better in speech than he who [says: "My Lord is Allah (believes in 
His Oneness)," and then stands straight (acts upon His Order), and] invites 
(men) to Allah's (Islamic Monotheism), and does righteous deeds, and says: "I 
am one of the Muslims."} (Holy Quran-41:33)
 
The prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "By Allah, if 
Allah guides one person by you, it is better for you than the best types of 
camels." [al-Bukhaaree, Muslim] 

The prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)  also said, "Whoever 
calls to guidance will have a reward similar to the reward of the one who 
follows him, without the reward of either of them being lessened at all." 
[Muslim, Ahmad, Aboo Daawood, an-Nasaa'ee, at-Tirmidhee, Ibn Maajah] 
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