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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MATH-867?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13466222#comment-13466222
 ] 

Gilles commented on MATH-867:
-----------------------------

I don't understand. This is the documentation:
{code}
/**
 * Individual sigma values - initial search volume. inputSigma determines
 * the initial coordinate wise standard deviations for the search. Setting
 * SIGMA one third of the initial search region is appropriate.
 */
private double[] inputSigma;
{code}

AFAIUC, this says that sigma is _not_ independent on the boundary values.

bq. I second to make encode/decode the identity to address the bug.

I also don't understand this. Referring to the code of "decode":
{code}
public double[] decode(final double[] x) {
  if (boundaries == null) {
    return x;
  }
  double[] res = new double[x.length];
  for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
    double diff = boundaries[1][i] - boundaries[0][i];
    // res[i] = diff * x[i] + boundaries[0][i]; // XXX orig
    // res[i] = diff * x[i]; // XXX v1
    res[i] = x[i]; // XXX v2
  }
  return res;
}
{code}

_This_ issue's bug is solved by normalizing the variables (line marked with 
"XXX v1" in the above snippet). The downside is that "testConstrainedRosen" 
fails.

When "decode" is made the identity (line marked with "XXX v2"), 
"testConstrainedRosen" passes but "testFitAccuracyDependsOnBoundary" fails, as 
with the original code (line marked with "XXX orig").


                
> CMAESOptimizer with bounds fits finely near lower bound and coarsely near 
> upper bound. 
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: MATH-867
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MATH-867
>             Project: Commons Math
>          Issue Type: Bug
>            Reporter: Frank Hess
>         Attachments: MATH867_patch, Math867Test.java
>
>
> When fitting with bounds, the CMAESOptimizer fits finely near the lower bound 
> and coarsely near the upper bound.  This is because it internally maps the 
> fitted parameter range into the interval [0,1].  The unit of least precision 
> (ulp) between floating point numbers is much smaller near zero than near one. 
>  Thus, fits have much better resolution near the lower bound (which is mapped 
> to zero) than the upper bound (which is mapped to one).  I will attach a 
> example program to demonstrate.

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