Github user pnowojski commented on the issue: https://github.com/apache/flink/pull/4239 Indeed it seems like you are right. `read_committed` doesn't play along with long `max.transaction.timeout.ms`. I'm not sure about Beam, but in Flink we can not use one single `transactional.id`, because our checkpoints are asynchronous - `notifyCheckpointComplete` (which triggers `KafkaProducer#commit`) can come long after `preCommit`. In that time we can not use the same `transactional.id` for new transactions. We can walk around this issue by implementing a pool of `transactional.id`s, which we can save on the state. This will allows on restoring state to not only `recoverAndCommit` all pending transactions, but to abort all other unknown "lingering" transactions
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