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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-6073?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=15944870#comment-15944870
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Fabian Hueske commented on FLINK-6073:
--------------------------------------
Hi [~rtudoran],
the model stream/batch consistency model that we want to apply is that the
result of a query should be at any point in time the same as if a batch query
would be executed on the materialized streams.
So, given your input and your query 2 ({{SELECT amount, (SELECT exchange FROM
T1 ORDER BY time LIMIT 1) AS field1 FROM T2}}), the output would evolve as
follows:
Result at T2
(10, 1.2) <-- appended
Result at T3
(10, 1.2)
(11, 1.2) <-- appended
Result at T4
(10, 1.3) <-- updated!
(11, 1.3) <-- updated!
Result at T5
(10, 1.3)
(11, 1.3)
(9, 1.3) <-- appended
As you see, the previously emitted rows need to be updated at time T4 because
the subquery ({{(SELECT exchange FROM T1 ORDER BY time LIMIT 1)}}) produces a
new result.
In principle, this would be done using retraction message, which invalidate
previously emitted rows, and emitting updated results. However, retraction
would not work in this case, because we would need to remember the whole T2
input stream which is not possible. There is a proposal for retraction in
FLINK-6047 and an attached design document. So retraction is not only about
aggregation functions but also to be able to invalidate or update previous
results.
Now, the good news:
We do not need retraction to implement the use case you are proposing in
processing time because we can compute the final result at any point in time
and do not need to update it later.
However, the query needs to be differently specified as I described above.
I know, the query is much more verbose than the queries you suggested, but it
captures the semantics of what you want to compute. Since, we need to access
the time attributes of different tables, we are blocked on FLINK-5884, which
will handle the time indicators as attributes and not as indicator methods.
What do you think?
> Support for SQL inner queries for proctime
> ------------------------------------------
>
> Key: FLINK-6073
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/FLINK-6073
> Project: Flink
> Issue Type: Sub-task
> Components: Table API & SQL
> Reporter: radu
> Assignee: radu
> Priority: Critical
> Labels: features
> Attachments: innerquery.png
>
>
> Time target: Proc Time
> **SQL targeted query examples:**
>
> Q1) `Select item, (select item2 from stream2 ) as itemExtern from stream1;`
> Comments: This is the main functionality targeted by this JIRA to enable to
> combine in the main query results from an inner query.
> Q2) `Select s1.item, (Select a2 from table as t2 where table.id = s1.id
> limit 1) from s1;`
> Comments:
> Another equivalent way to write the first example of inner query is with
> limit 1. This ensures the equivalency with the SingleElementAggregation used
> when translated the main target syntax for inner query. We must ensure that
> the 2 syntaxes are supported and implemented with the same functionality.
> There is the option also to select elements in the inner query from a table
> not just from a different stream. This should be a sub-JIRA issue implement
> this support.
> **Description:**
> Parsing the SQL inner query via calcite is translated to a join function
> (left join with always true condition) between the output of the query on the
> main stream and the output of a single output aggregation operation on the
> inner query. The translation logic is shown below
> ```
> LogicalJoin [condition=true;type=LEFT]
> LogicalSingleValue[type=aggregation]
> …logic of inner query (LogicalProject, LogicalScan…)
> …logical of main,external query (LogicalProject, LogicalScan…))
> ```
> `LogicalJoin[condition=true;type=LEFT] `– it can be considered as a special
> case operation rather than a proper join to be implemented between
> stream-to-stream. The implementation behavior should attach to the main
> stream output a value from a different query.
> `LogicalSingleValue[type=aggregation]` – it can be interpreted as the holder
> of the single value that results from the inner query. As this operator is
> the guarantee that the inner query will bring to the join no more than one
> value, there are several options on how to consider it’s functionality in the
> streaming context:
> 1. Throw an error if the inner query returns more than one result. This
> would be a typical behavior in the case of standard SQL over DB. However, it
> is very unlikely that a stream would only emit a single value. Therefore,
> such a behavior would be very limited for streams in the inner query.
> However, such a behavior might be more useful and common if the inner query
> is over a table.
> 1. We can interpret the usage of this parameter as the guarantee that at
> one moment only one value is selected. Therefore the behavior would rather be
> as a filter to select one value. This brings the option that the output of
> this operator evolves in time with the second stream that drives the inner
> query. The decision on when to evolve the stream should depend on what marks
> the evolution of the stream (processing time, watermarks/event time,
> ingestion time, window time partitions…).
> In this JIRA issue the evolution would be marked by the processing time. For
> this implementation the operator would work based on option 2. Hence at every
> moment the state of the operator that holds one value can evolve with the
> last elements. In this way the logic of the inner query is to select always
> the last element (fields, or other query related transformations based on the
> last value). This behavior is needed in many scenarios: (e.g., the typical
> problem of computing the total income, when incomes are in multiple
> currencies and the total needs to be computed in one currency by using always
> the last exchange rate).
> This behavior is motivated also by the functionality of the 3rd SQL query
> example – Q3 (using inner query as the input source for FROM ). In such
> scenarios, the selection in the main query would need to be done based on
> latest elements. Therefore with such a behavior the 2 types of queries (Q1
> and Q3) would provide the same, intuitive result.
> **Functionality example**
> Based on the logical translation plan, we exemplify next the behavior of the
> inner query applied on 2 streams that operate on processing time.
> SELECT amount, (SELECT exchange FROM inputstream1) AS field1 FROM inputstream2
> ||Time||Stream1||Stream2||Output||
> |T1| | 1.2| |
> |T2|User1,10| | (10,1.2)|
> |T3|User2,11| | (11,1.2)|
> |T4| | 1.3| |
> |T5|User3,9 | | (9,1.3)|
> |...|
> Note 1. For streams that would operate on event time, at moment T3 we would
> need to retract the previous outputs ((10, 1.2), (11,1.2) ) and reemit them
> as ((10,1.3), (11,1.3) ).
> Note 2. Rather than failing when a new value comes in the inner query we just
> update the state that holds the single value. If option 1 for the behavior of
> LogicalSingleValue is chosen, than an error should be triggered at moment T3.
> **Implementation option**
> Considering the notes and the option for the behavior the operator would be
> implemented by using the join function of flink with a custom always true
> join condition and an inner selection for the output based on the incoming
> direction (to mimic the left join). The single value selection can be
> implemented over a statefull flat map. In case the join is executed in
> parallel by multiple operators, than we either use a parallelism of 1 for the
> statefull flatmap (option 1) or we broadcast the outputs of the flatmap to
> all join instances to ensure consistency of the results (option 2).
> Considering that the flatMap functionality of selecting one value is light,
> option 1 is better. The design schema is shown below.
> !innerquery.png!
> **General logic of Join**
> ```
> leftDataStream.join(rightDataStream)
> .where(new ConstantConditionSelector())
> .equalTo(new ConstantConditionSelector())
> .window(window.create())
> .trigger(new LeftFireTrigger())
> .evictor(new Evictor())
> .apply(JoinFunction());
> ```
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