anuragmantri opened a new pull request, #11842:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/11842

   Prevents 
   - https://github.com/apache/iceberg/issues/10234
   - https://github.com/apache/iceberg/issues/10626
   - https://github.com/apache/iceberg/issues/11314
   - and any other similar reports. 
   
   Supersedes: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/10352
   
   Co-authored by: @amogh-jahagirdar 
   
   **Summary**
   
   If we drop a partition column that is still referenced in an older spec, 
this will break the table. This can be easily reproduced in Spark by adding a 
SELECT after these tests
   - 
https://github.com/apache/iceberg/blob/dea2fd1d9debfd23aeda9403ed3eb81c6aebf30f/spark/v3.3/spark-extensions/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/spark/extensions/TestAlterTablePartitionFields.java#L533
   - 
https://github.com/apache/iceberg/blob/dea2fd1d9debfd23aeda9403ed3eb81c6aebf30f/spark/v3.3/spark-extensions/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/spark/extensions/TestAlterTablePartitionFields.java#L544
   
   ```
      sql("SELECT * FROM %s LIMIT 1", tableName);
   ```
   
   Will throw 
   
   ```
   Type cannot be null
   java.lang.NullPointerException: Type cannot be null
        at 
org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull(Preconditions.java:922)
        at org.apache.iceberg.types.Types$NestedField.<init>(Types.java:615)
        at org.apache.iceberg.types.Types$NestedField.optional(Types.java:508)
        at 
org.apache.iceberg.PartitionSpec.partitionType(PartitionSpec.java:134)
        at 
org.apache.iceberg.Partitioning.buildPartitionProjectionType(Partitioning.java:284)
        at org.apache.iceberg.Partitioning.partitionType(Partitioning.java:242)
        at 
org.apache.iceberg.spark.source.SparkTable.metadataColumns(SparkTable.java:258)
   ```
   
   As discussed by @amogh-jahagirdar and @advancedxy 
[here](https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/10352#discussion_r1676213273), 
the solution is two parts 
   
   Part 1: Prevent dropping the column referenced in older specs (This PR)
   Part 2: Provide a maintenance API for users to remove all unused specs 
(https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/10755)
   
   Both can be merged independently. 
   
   


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