rdblue commented on code in PR #12298:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/12298#discussion_r2717946677


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core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/formats/ReadBuilder.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.formats;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.expressions.Expression;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.CloseableIterable;
+import org.apache.iceberg.mapping.NameMapping;
+
+/**
+ * Builder interface for creating file readers across supported data file 
formats. The {@link
+ * FormatModel} implementations provides appropriate {@link ReadBuilder} 
instances
+ *
+ * <p>The {@link ReadBuilder} follows the builder pattern to configure and 
create {@link
+ * CloseableIterable} instances that read data from source files. 
Configuration options include
+ * schema projection, predicate filtering, record batching, and encryption 
settings.
+ *
+ * <p>This interface is directly exposed to users for parameterizing readers.
+ *
+ * @param <D> the output data type produced by the reader
+ * @param <S> the type of the schema for the output data type
+ */
+public interface ReadBuilder<D, S> {
+  /**
+   * Restricts the read to the given range: [start, start + length).
+   *
+   * @param start the start position for this read
+   * @param length the length of the range this read should scan
+   */
+  ReadBuilder<D, S> split(long start, long length);
+
+  /** Set the projection schema. */
+  ReadBuilder<D, S> project(Schema schema);
+
+  /** Sets the expected output schema. If not provided derived from the {@link 
#project(Schema)}. */

Review Comment:
   I don't think that this javadoc is very clear because of the reference to 
`project`. Calling `project` sets the Iceberg schema, not the engine schema and 
the builder won't do anything to create an engine schema from an Iceberg schema.
   
   I think that this should be `Sets the engine's representation of the 
projected schema`.
   
   We also do not want callers to use this in place of the Iceberg schema 
because this is opaque to core code -- Iceberg can't verify the engine schema 
or convert between the two projection representations. We should have a note 
that says this schema should match the requested Iceberg projection, but may 
differ in ways that Iceberg considers equivalent. For example, we may use this 
to exchange the engine's requested shredded representation for a variant, and 
we could also use this to pass things like specific classes to use for structs 
(like we have for our internal object model).
   
   Also, what about only allowing this to be set if `project` is also set? I 
don't think it is necessary to do this, but I also can't think of a case where 
you might set an engine schema but not an Iceberg schema.



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