danielcweeks commented on code in PR #15630:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/15630#discussion_r2942070318


##########
format/spec.md:
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@@ -123,6 +139,35 @@ Tables do not require random-access writes. Once written, 
data and metadata file
 
 Tables do not require rename, except for tables that use atomic rename to 
implement the commit operation for new metadata files.
 
+### Paths in Metadata
+
+Path strings stored in Iceberg metadata files are classified as one of two 
types:
+
+* **Absolute path** -- A path string that includes a [URI 
scheme](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.1) (e.g., 
`s3://`, `gs://`, `hdfs://`, `file:///`). Absolute paths are used as-is without 
modification.
+* **Relative path** -- A path string that does not include a URI scheme. 
Relative paths must be resolved against the table's base location before use.
+
+Prior to v4, all path fields must contain absolute paths. Starting with v4, 
path fields may contain either absolute or relative paths. Directory navigation 
symbols (`.` and `..`) and other file system conventions are not supported in 
relative paths.

Review Comment:
   I think this is a good question and I'm doubt we can reject it for the 
following reasons:
   
   1. In some cloud providers (e.g. S3), `..` is valid but is not treated as a 
directory structure navigation.
   2. We include `..` in portions of paths, like partition values, so to 
identify something like `/../` we would need to have some concept of a path 
separator, which we currently do not require or enforce.
   3. Different systems support different constructs and have different 
behaviors, so protecting from all variations is difficult
   
   The "other filesystem conventions" is intentionally vague due to no. 3 
above.  For example all of the following have special behavior depending on how 
they're interpreted; `~`, `|`, `<`, `>`, `*`, `?`, `[]`, `:`, `$` (likely more 
than this too).  It's just that `.` and `..` are the most common.



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