danielcweeks commented on code in PR #16174:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16174#discussion_r3169812367


##########
core/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/RelativePathUtil.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg;
+
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.util.LocationUtil;
+
+class RelativePathUtil {
+  private RelativePathUtil() {}
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if the path has a URI scheme (e.g. {@code s3://}, {@code 
file:/}, {@code
+   * hdfs://}). Per RFC 3986, a scheme ends at the first {@code :} and cannot 
contain {@code /}, so
+   * a colon that appears after a slash is not a scheme delimiter.
+   */
+  static boolean isAbsolute(String path) {
+    if (path == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int colonIndex = path.indexOf(':');
+    if (colonIndex <= 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int slashIndex = path.indexOf('/');
+    return slashIndex == -1 || slashIndex > colonIndex;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolves a relative path against a table location. Relative paths 
(produced by {@link
+   * #relativize}) start with {@code /} and are resolved by direct 
concatenation with the table
+   * location. Absolute paths are returned as-is.
+   *
+   * <p>Resolution only applies when the table location has a URI scheme. 
Paths are never resolved
+   * against bare local paths.
+   */
+  static String resolve(String path, String tableLocation) {
+    if (path == null || isAbsolute(path) || !isAbsolute(tableLocation)) {
+      return path;
+    }
+
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(path.startsWith("/"), "Relative path must 
start with /: %s", path);
+
+    return LocationUtil.stripTrailingSlash(tableLocation) + path;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Relativizes a path against a table location. If the path starts with the 
table location, the
+   * table location prefix is stripped, leaving a relative path that starts 
with {@code /}. If the
+   * path is not under the table location, it is returned as-is.
+   *
+   * <p>Relativization only applies when both the path and table location have 
URI schemes.
+   */
+  static String relativize(String path, String tableLocation) {
+    if (path == null || !isAbsolute(tableLocation)) {

Review Comment:
   Similar to above, the `!isAbsolute(tableLocation)` check is unnecessary 



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