laskoviymishka commented on code in PR #17520:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/17520#discussion_r3749663279


##########
data/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.VariantShreddingAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantValue;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * {@link Record} analyzer that resolves variant columns by position in {@link 
Schema#columns()}.
+ * Rows are read positionally, so an engine schema, if supplied, must place 
each variant column at
+ * its Iceberg-schema position.
+ */
+class RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer extends VariantShreddingAnalyzer<Record, 
Schema> {
+  private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.class);
+
+  RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer() {}
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<Integer, Type> analyzeVariantColumns(
+      List<Record> bufferedRows, Schema icebergSchema, Schema engineSchema) {
+    // Record rows are built against the Iceberg schema; use it when no engine 
schema is supplied.
+    if (engineSchema == null) {
+      return super.analyzeVariantColumns(bufferedRows, icebergSchema, 
icebergSchema);
+    }
+
+    checkVariantColumnPositionsAligned(icebergSchema, engineSchema);
+    return super.analyzeVariantColumns(bufferedRows, icebergSchema, 
engineSchema);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected int resolveColumnIndex(Schema engineSchema, String columnName) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(engineSchema != null, "Invalid engine schema: 
null");
+    int index = positionOf(engineSchema, columnName);
+    if (index < 0) {
+      LOG.warn("Variant column {} not found in engine schema; skipping 
shredding", columnName);
+    }
+
+    return index;
+  }
+
+  // Rows are read positionally, so a variant column must sit at the same 
index in both schemas.
+  private static void checkVariantColumnPositionsAligned(
+      Schema icebergSchema, Schema engineSchema) {
+    List<NestedField> icebergColumns = icebergSchema.columns();
+    for (int icebergIndex = 0; icebergIndex < icebergColumns.size(); 
icebergIndex++) {
+      NestedField col = icebergColumns.get(icebergIndex);
+      if (!col.type().isVariantType()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      int engineIndex = positionOf(engineSchema, col.name());
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(
+          engineIndex < 0 || engineIndex == icebergIndex,

Review Comment:
   this is the guard that closed my reorder concern from last round, thanks — 
rejecting a misaligned schema is the right call over silently shredding the 
wrong column.
   
   One thing it also catches: a projected engine schema like `[id, v]` over an 
Iceberg `[id, name, v]` gets `engineIndex(v)=1` vs `icebergIndex(v)=2` and 
throws right here, at flush time after rows are already buffered. KC never hits 
it since `engineSchema` is always null, so this is optional — but if 
projections aren't meant to be supported, a Javadoc line with a concrete 
example would save the next caller the surprise. Fine to leave for a follow-up.



##########
data/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.VariantShreddingAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantValue;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * {@link Record} analyzer that resolves variant columns by position in {@link 
Schema#columns()}.
+ * Rows are read positionally, so an engine schema, if supplied, must place 
each variant column at
+ * its Iceberg-schema position.
+ */
+class RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer extends VariantShreddingAnalyzer<Record, 
Schema> {
+  private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.class);
+
+  RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer() {}
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<Integer, Type> analyzeVariantColumns(
+      List<Record> bufferedRows, Schema icebergSchema, Schema engineSchema) {
+    // Record rows are built against the Iceberg schema; use it when no engine 
schema is supplied.
+    if (engineSchema == null) {
+      return super.analyzeVariantColumns(bufferedRows, icebergSchema, 
icebergSchema);
+    }
+
+    checkVariantColumnPositionsAligned(icebergSchema, engineSchema);
+    return super.analyzeVariantColumns(bufferedRows, icebergSchema, 
engineSchema);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected int resolveColumnIndex(Schema engineSchema, String columnName) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(engineSchema != null, "Invalid engine schema: 
null");
+    int index = positionOf(engineSchema, columnName);
+    if (index < 0) {
+      LOG.warn("Variant column {} not found in engine schema; skipping 
shredding", columnName);
+    }
+
+    return index;
+  }
+
+  // Rows are read positionally, so a variant column must sit at the same 
index in both schemas.
+  private static void checkVariantColumnPositionsAligned(
+      Schema icebergSchema, Schema engineSchema) {
+    List<NestedField> icebergColumns = icebergSchema.columns();
+    for (int icebergIndex = 0; icebergIndex < icebergColumns.size(); 
icebergIndex++) {
+      NestedField col = icebergColumns.get(icebergIndex);
+      if (!col.type().isVariantType()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      int engineIndex = positionOf(engineSchema, col.name());
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(
+          engineIndex < 0 || engineIndex == icebergIndex,
+          "Variant column %s position mismatch between Iceberg and engine 
schemas: %s vs %s",
+          col.name(),
+          icebergIndex,
+          engineIndex);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static int positionOf(Schema schema, String columnName) {
+    List<NestedField> columns = schema.columns();
+    for (int index = 0; index < columns.size(); index++) {
+      if (columns.get(index).name().equals(columnName)) {

Review Comment:
   `.equals` here is case-sensitive, while Iceberg name resolution is 
case-insensitive by default.
   
   An engine schema built with different casing ("V" vs "v") resolves to -1, so 
shredding silently no-ops even with `shred-variants=true`. It matches 
Spark/Flink so it's not a regression — purely optional, but a Javadoc line 
noting the comparison is case-sensitive would help someone debugging a silent 
no-op.



##########
kafka-connect/kafka-connect/src/test/java/org/apache/iceberg/connect/data/TestRecordConverter.java:
##########
@@ -1387,6 +1387,30 @@ public void testConvertVariantValueFromNull() {
     assertThat(variant.value().type()).isEqualTo(PhysicalType.NULL);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testConvertOrdersOutputByTableSchemaNotSourceFieldOrder() {

Review Comment:
   this proves field ordering, but not the thing the KC rationale rests on — a 
variant going through `convert()` and landing in `typed_value`.
   
   All the round-trip coverage is in `TestRecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer` 
against hand-built `GenericRecord`s via `GenericFileWriterFactory`, so nothing 
exercises Connect Struct → `RecordConverter.convert()` → shredded Parquet. A 
KC-side test that writes a Struct with a variant field through 
`RecordUtils.createTableWriter` with `shred-variants=true` and asserts 
`typed_value` on read-back would close it — optional for this PR, but it's the 
regression I'd want caught if someone later touches field-ordering or the 
null-engineSchema fallback.



##########
data/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/data/RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.data;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Schema;
+import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.VariantShreddingAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types.NestedField;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.Variant;
+import org.apache.iceberg.variants.VariantValue;
+import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * {@link Record} analyzer that resolves variant columns by position in {@link 
Schema#columns()}.
+ * Rows are read positionally, so an engine schema, if supplied, must place 
each variant column at
+ * its Iceberg-schema position.
+ */
+class RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer extends VariantShreddingAnalyzer<Record, 
Schema> {
+  private static final Logger LOG = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer.class);
+
+  RecordVariantShreddingAnalyzer() {}
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<Integer, Type> analyzeVariantColumns(
+      List<Record> bufferedRows, Schema icebergSchema, Schema engineSchema) {
+    // Record rows are built against the Iceberg schema; use it when no engine 
schema is supplied.
+    if (engineSchema == null) {
+      return super.analyzeVariantColumns(bufferedRows, icebergSchema, 
icebergSchema);
+    }
+
+    checkVariantColumnPositionsAligned(icebergSchema, engineSchema);
+    return super.analyzeVariantColumns(bufferedRows, icebergSchema, 
engineSchema);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected int resolveColumnIndex(Schema engineSchema, String columnName) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(engineSchema != null, "Invalid engine schema: 
null");
+    int index = positionOf(engineSchema, columnName);
+    if (index < 0) {
+      LOG.warn("Variant column {} not found in engine schema; skipping 
shredding", columnName);
+    }
+
+    return index;
+  }
+
+  // Rows are read positionally, so a variant column must sit at the same 
index in both schemas.
+  private static void checkVariantColumnPositionsAligned(
+      Schema icebergSchema, Schema engineSchema) {
+    List<NestedField> icebergColumns = icebergSchema.columns();
+    for (int icebergIndex = 0; icebergIndex < icebergColumns.size(); 
icebergIndex++) {
+      NestedField col = icebergColumns.get(icebergIndex);
+      if (!col.type().isVariantType()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      int engineIndex = positionOf(engineSchema, col.name());
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(
+          engineIndex < 0 || engineIndex == icebergIndex,
+          "Variant column %s position mismatch between Iceberg and engine 
schemas: %s vs %s",
+          col.name(),
+          icebergIndex,
+          engineIndex);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static int positionOf(Schema schema, String columnName) {
+    List<NestedField> columns = schema.columns();
+    for (int index = 0; index < columns.size(); index++) {
+      if (columns.get(index).name().equals(columnName)) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected List<VariantValue> extractVariantValues(
+      List<Record> bufferedRows, int variantFieldIndex) {
+    List<VariantValue> values = Lists.newArrayList();
+    for (Record row : bufferedRows) {
+      Object fieldValue = row.get(variantFieldIndex);
+      if (fieldValue == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      Preconditions.checkArgument(
+          fieldValue instanceof Variant,

Review Comment:
   the instanceof hard-fail I flagged last round is still here. A single 
non-Variant value throws from inside `BufferedFileAppender.initialize()` at 
flush time, propagates out through `IcebergWriter` (which only catches 
IOException), and takes down the whole buffered batch — every record lost, no 
file committed.
   
   `null` right above just gets skipped, so we already have the degrade 
precedent. For the KC case I'd lean toward `LOG.warn` + dropping that column 
from analysis over failing the commit. Not a blocker — fine to leave for a 
follow-up if you'd rather, I'll keep the PR open in case someone wants to take 
it. wdyt?



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