amogh-jahagirdar commented on code in PR #17320:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/17320#discussion_r3979823872


##########
parquet/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/parquet/ParquetSchemaUtil.java:
##########
@@ -129,12 +132,103 @@ public static Type fieldType(GroupType group, String 
name) {
 
   public static MessageType pruneColumns(MessageType fileSchema, Schema 
expectedSchema) {
     // column order must match the incoming type, so it doesn't matter that 
the ids are unordered
-    Set<Integer> selectedIds = TypeUtil.getProjectedIds(expectedSchema);
+    Set<Integer> selectedIds = 
Sets.newHashSet(TypeUtil.getProjectedIds(expectedSchema));
+    // retain one real leaf under each struct that projects only constants 
like default values,
+    // so its definition level still shows whether the struct is present
+    TypeWithSchemaVisitor.visit(
+        expectedSchema.asStruct(), fileSchema, new 
PresenceColumnSelector(fileSchema, selectedIds));
     return (MessageType)
         TypeWithSchemaVisitor.visit(
             expectedSchema.asStruct(), fileSchema, new 
PruneColumns(selectedIds));
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Adds one leaf id under each projected struct whose fields are all 
constants and would otherwise
+   * retain no file leaf. That leaf's definition level is what still shows 
whether the struct is
+   * present.
+   */
+  private static class PresenceColumnSelector extends 
TypeWithSchemaVisitor<Void> {
+    private final MessageType fileSchema;
+    private final Set<Integer> selectedIds;
+
+    private PresenceColumnSelector(MessageType fileSchema, Set<Integer> 
selectedIds) {
+      this.fileSchema = fileSchema;
+      this.selectedIds = selectedIds;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Void struct(Types.StructType expected, GroupType struct, List<Void> 
fields) {
+      // nothing projected under this struct, so there is nothing to track
+      if (expected == null || expected.fields().isEmpty()) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      String[] path = currentPath();
+      // add a presence column only if no real leaf under the struct is 
already read
+      boolean readsRealLeaf =
+          leafColumns(fileSchema, path).stream()
+              .anyMatch(leaf -> selectedIds.contains(leafId(leaf)));
+      if (!readsRealLeaf) {
+        ColumnDescriptor presence = selectPresenceColumn(fileSchema, path);
+        if (presence != null) {
+          selectedIds.add(leafId(presence));
+        }
+      }
+
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Void variant(Types.VariantType expected, GroupType variantGroup, 
Void result) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Shallowest leaf under path; its definition level shows whether the 
struct is present. */
+  static ColumnDescriptor selectPresenceColumn(MessageType fileSchema, 
String[] path) {
+    if (fileSchema.getMaxDefinitionLevel(path) <= 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return leafColumns(fileSchema, path).stream()

Review Comment:
   Done!



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