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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-9136?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=17053668#comment-17053668
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Xin-Chun Zhang commented on LUCENE-9136:
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1. My personal git branch:
[https://github.com/irvingzhang/lucene-solr/tree/jira/lucene-9136-ann-ivfflat].
2. The vector format is as follows,
!image-2020-03-07-01-25-58-047.png|width=535,height=297!
Structure of IVF index meta is as follows,
!image-2020-03-07-01-27-12-859.png|width=606,height=276!
Structure of IVF data:
!image-2020-03-07-01-22-06-132.png|width=529,height=309!
3. Ann-benchmark tool could be found in:
[https://github.com/irvingzhang/ann-benchmarks].
Benchmark results (Single Thread, 2.5GHz * 2CPU, 16GB RAM,
nprobe=8,16,32,64,128,256, centroids=4*sqrt(N), where N the size of dataset):
1) Glove-1.2M-25D-Angular: index build + training cost 706s, qps: 18.8~49.6,
recall: 76.8%~99.7%
!glove-25-angular.png|width=653,height=450!
2) Glove-1.2M-100D-Angular: index build + training cost 2487s, qps: 12.2~38.3,
recall 65.8%~96.3%
!glove-100-angular.png|width=671,height=462!
3) Sift-1M-128D-Euclidean: index build + training cost 2397s, qps 14.8~38.2,
recall 71.1%~99.2%
!sift-128-euclidean.png|width=684,height=471!
> Introduce IVFFlat to Lucene for ANN similarity search
> -----------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: LUCENE-9136
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-9136
> Project: Lucene - Core
> Issue Type: New Feature
> Reporter: Xin-Chun Zhang
> Priority: Major
> Attachments: glove-100-angular.png, glove-25-angular.png,
> image-2020-03-07-01-22-06-132.png, image-2020-03-07-01-25-58-047.png,
> image-2020-03-07-01-27-12-859.png, sift-128-euclidean.png
>
> Time Spent: 50m
> Remaining Estimate: 0h
>
> Representation learning (RL) has been an established discipline in the
> machine learning space for decades but it draws tremendous attention lately
> with the emergence of deep learning. The central problem of RL is to
> determine an optimal representation of the input data. By embedding the data
> into a high dimensional vector, the vector retrieval (VR) method is then
> applied to search the relevant items.
> With the rapid development of RL over the past few years, the technique has
> been used extensively in industry from online advertising to computer vision
> and speech recognition. There exist many open source implementations of VR
> algorithms, such as Facebook's FAISS and Microsoft's SPTAG, providing various
> choices for potential users. However, the aforementioned implementations are
> all written in C++, and no plan for supporting Java interface, making it hard
> to be integrated in Java projects or those who are not familier with C/C++
> [[https://github.com/facebookresearch/faiss/issues/105]].
> The algorithms for vector retrieval can be roughly classified into four
> categories,
> # Tree-base algorithms, such as KD-tree;
> # Hashing methods, such as LSH (Local Sensitive Hashing);
> # Product quantization based algorithms, such as IVFFlat;
> # Graph-base algorithms, such as HNSW, SSG, NSG;
> where IVFFlat and HNSW are the most popular ones among all the VR algorithms.
> IVFFlat is better for high-precision applications such as face recognition,
> while HNSW performs better in general scenarios including recommendation and
> personalized advertisement. *The recall ratio of IVFFlat could be gradually
> increased by adjusting the query parameter (nprobe), while it's hard for HNSW
> to improve its accuracy*. In theory, IVFFlat could achieve 100% recall ratio.
> Recently, the implementation of HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World,
> LUCENE-9004) for Lucene, has made great progress. The issue draws attention
> of those who are interested in Lucene or hope to use HNSW with Solr/Lucene.
> As an alternative for solving ANN similarity search problems, IVFFlat is also
> very popular with many users and supporters. Compared with HNSW, IVFFlat has
> smaller index size but requires k-means clustering, while HNSW is faster in
> query (no training required) but requires extra storage for saving graphs
> [indexing 1M
> vectors|[https://github.com/facebookresearch/faiss/wiki/Indexing-1M-vectors]].
> Another advantage is that IVFFlat can be faster and more accurate when
> enables GPU parallel computing (current not support in Java). Both algorithms
> have their merits and demerits. Since HNSW is now under development, it may
> be better to provide both implementations (HNSW && IVFFlat) for potential
> users who are faced with very different scenarios and want to more choices.
> The latest branch is
> [*lucene-9136-ann-ivfflat*]([https://github.com/irvingzhang/lucene-solr/commits/jira/lucene-9136-ann-ivfflat)|https://github.com/irvingzhang/lucene-solr/commits/jira/lucene-9136-ann-ivfflat]
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