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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-14174?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=15923314#comment-15923314
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Joseph K. Bradley commented on SPARK-14174:
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I'm fine with improving KMeans, but I'm still not convinced about the priority.
My main issue with above use cases is that it doesn't make much sense to me to
apply KMeans to high-dimensional data. Basic k-means clustering just doesn't
perform well in high dimensions AFAIK (and is "provably" useless if you analyze
it under reasonable statistical assumptions). I'm sure there are practical
applications in which it's still useful, but are there no good alternatives
such as doing dimensionality reduction before clustering?
> Accelerate KMeans via Mini-Batch EM
> -----------------------------------
>
> Key: SPARK-14174
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-14174
> Project: Spark
> Issue Type: Improvement
> Components: ML
> Reporter: zhengruifeng
>
> The MiniBatchKMeans is a variant of the KMeans algorithm which uses
> mini-batches to reduce the computation time, while still attempting to
> optimise the same objective function. Mini-batches are subsets of the input
> data, randomly sampled in each training iteration. These mini-batches
> drastically reduce the amount of computation required to converge to a local
> solution. In contrast to other algorithms that reduce the convergence time of
> k-means, mini-batch k-means produces results that are generally only slightly
> worse than the standard algorithm.
> I have implemented mini-batch kmeans in Mllib, and the acceleration is realy
> significant.
> The MiniBatch KMeans is named XMeans in following lines.
> {code}
> val path = "/tmp/mnist8m.scale"
> val data = MLUtils.loadLibSVMFile(sc, path)
> val vecs = data.map(_.features).persist()
> val km = KMeans.train(data=vecs, k=10, maxIterations=10, runs=1,
> initializationMode="k-means||", seed=123l)
> km.computeCost(vecs)
> res0: Double = 3.317029898599564E8
> val xm = XMeans.train(data=vecs, k=10, maxIterations=10, runs=1,
> initializationMode="k-means||", miniBatchFraction=0.1, seed=123l)
> xm.computeCost(vecs)
> res1: Double = 3.3169865959604424E8
> val xm2 = XMeans.train(data=vecs, k=10, maxIterations=10, runs=1,
> initializationMode="k-means||", miniBatchFraction=0.01, seed=123l)
> xm2.computeCost(vecs)
> res2: Double = 3.317195831216454E8
> {code}
> The above three training all reached the max number of iterations 10.
> We can see that the WSSSEs are almost the same. While their speed perfermence
> have significant difference:
> {code}
> KMeans 2876sec
> MiniBatch KMeans (fraction=0.1) 263sec
> MiniBatch KMeans (fraction=0.01) 90sec
> {code}
> With appropriate fraction, the bigger the dataset is, the higher speedup is.
> The data used above have 8,100,000 samples, 784 features. It can be
> downloaded here
> (https://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvmtools/datasets/multiclass/mnist8m.scale.bz2)
> Comparison of the K-Means and MiniBatchKMeans on sklearn :
> http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/cluster/plot_mini_batch_kmeans.html#example-cluster-plot-mini-batch-kmeans-py
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