Hello, I'm trying to implement a new perspective projection, which should assure that vertical lines in the virtual world transforms into vertical lines on the screen, when the camera top is upwards but not nessecary horizontal. But I don't understand how the transform object is used in projection. I have tried to use the perspective method, and can see, that it sets m32 to -1 and m33 to 0. But how is the 4'th row used, and what does the 4'th element w in a Vector4d mean ? kind regards Hardy Henneberg =========================================================================== To unsubscribe, send email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] and include in the body of the message "signoff JAVA3D-INTEREST". For general help, send email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] and include in the body of the message "help".