philipnee commented on code in PR #14364:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/14364#discussion_r1341690694


##########
clients/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/clients/consumer/internals/HeartbeatRequestManager.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.CommonClientConfigs;
+import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.KafkaException;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.errors.GroupAuthorizationException;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.message.ConsumerGroupHeartbeatRequestData;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.protocol.Errors;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.requests.ConsumerGroupHeartbeatRequest;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.requests.ConsumerGroupHeartbeatResponse;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Time;
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Timer;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Manages the request creation and response handling for the heartbeat. 
The module creates a
+ * {@link ConsumerGroupHeartbeatRequest} using the state stored in the {@link 
MembershipManager} and enqueue it to
+ * the network queue to be sent out. Once the response is received, the module 
will update the state in the
+ * {@link MembershipManager} and handle any errors.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>The manager only emits heartbeat when the member is in a group, tries to 
join or rejoin a group.
+ * If the member does not have groupId configured, got kicked out of the 
group, or encountering fatal exceptions, the
+ * heartbeat will not be sent.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>If the coordinator not is not found, we will skip sending the heartbeat 
and try to find a coordinator first.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>If the heartbeat failed due to retriable errors, such as, 
TimeoutException. The subsequent attempt will be
+ * backoff exponentially.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>If the member completes the assignment changes, i.e. revocation and 
assignment, a heartbeat request will be
+ * sent in the next event loop.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>See {@link HeartbeatRequestState} for more details.</p>
+ */
+public class HeartbeatRequestManager implements RequestManager {
+    private final Logger logger;
+    private final Set<Errors> fatalErrors = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(
+        Errors.GROUP_AUTHORIZATION_FAILED,
+        Errors.INVALID_REQUEST,
+        Errors.GROUP_MAX_SIZE_REACHED,
+        Errors.UNSUPPORTED_ASSIGNOR,
+        Errors.UNRELEASED_INSTANCE_ID));
+
+    private final int rebalanceTimeoutMs;
+
+    private final CoordinatorRequestManager coordinatorRequestManager;
+    private final SubscriptionState subscriptions;
+    private final HeartbeatRequestState heartbeatRequestState;
+    private final MembershipManager membershipManager;
+    private final ErrorEventHandler nonRetriableErrorHandler;
+
+    public HeartbeatRequestManager(
+        final Time time,
+        final LogContext logContext,
+        final ConsumerConfig config,
+        final CoordinatorRequestManager coordinatorRequestManager,
+        final SubscriptionState subscriptions,
+        final MembershipManager membershipManager,
+        final ErrorEventHandler nonRetriableErrorHandler) {
+        this.coordinatorRequestManager = coordinatorRequestManager;
+        this.logger = logContext.logger(getClass());
+        this.subscriptions = subscriptions;
+        this.membershipManager = membershipManager;
+        this.nonRetriableErrorHandler = nonRetriableErrorHandler;
+        this.rebalanceTimeoutMs = 
config.getInt(CommonClientConfigs.MAX_POLL_INTERVAL_MS_CONFIG);
+        long retryBackoffMs = 
config.getLong(ConsumerConfig.RETRY_BACKOFF_MS_CONFIG);
+        long retryBackoffMaxMs = 
config.getLong(ConsumerConfig.RETRY_BACKOFF_MAX_MS_CONFIG);
+        this.heartbeatRequestState = new HeartbeatRequestState(logContext, 
time, 0, retryBackoffMs,
+            retryBackoffMaxMs, rebalanceTimeoutMs);
+    }
+
+    // Visible for testing
+    HeartbeatRequestManager(
+        final LogContext logContext,
+        final ConsumerConfig config,
+        final CoordinatorRequestManager coordinatorRequestManager,
+        final SubscriptionState subscriptions,
+        final MembershipManager membershipManager,
+        final HeartbeatRequestState heartbeatRequestState,
+        final ErrorEventHandler nonRetriableErrorHandler) {
+        this.logger = logContext.logger(this.getClass());
+        this.subscriptions = subscriptions;
+        this.rebalanceTimeoutMs = 
config.getInt(CommonClientConfigs.MAX_POLL_INTERVAL_MS_CONFIG);
+        this.coordinatorRequestManager = coordinatorRequestManager;
+        this.heartbeatRequestState = heartbeatRequestState;
+        this.membershipManager = membershipManager;
+        this.nonRetriableErrorHandler = nonRetriableErrorHandler;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines the maximum wait time until the next poll based on the 
member's state, and creates a heartbeat
+     * request.
+     * <ol>
+     *     <li>If the member is without a coordinator or is in a failed state, 
the timer is set to Long.MAX_VALUE, as there's no need to send a heartbeat.</li>
+     *     <li>If the member cannot send a heartbeat due to either exponential 
backoff, it will return the remaining time left on the backoff timer.</li>
+     *     <li>If the member's heartbeat timer has not expired, It will return 
the remaining time left on the
+     *     heartbeat timer.</li>
+     *     <li>If the member can send a heartbeat, the timer is set to the 
current heartbeat interval.</li>
+     * </ol>

Review Comment:
   it is a little bit tricky here, because the background thread loop is 
blocked until either it receives some responses, or the timer of the minimum of 
the heartbeat, metadata, or request timeout is expired.  What we would do is to 
reset the HeartbeatRequestState so that we could ensure the next event loop 
will trigger a heartbeat.
   
   The timing, however, is a little tricky here, because it can be 
non-deterministic of when the next heartbeat will be sent.



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