gharris1727 commented on code in PR #14309:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/14309#discussion_r1585294415


##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -655,27 +811,38 @@ private static ConfigInfos validateClientOverrides(String 
connName,
         ConnectorClientConfigRequest connectorClientConfigRequest = new 
ConnectorClientConfigRequest(
             connName, connectorType, connectorClass, clientConfigs, 
clientType);
         List<ConfigValue> configValues = 
connectorClientConfigOverridePolicy.validate(connectorClientConfigRequest);
-        if (configValues != null) {
-            for (ConfigValue validatedConfigValue : configValues) {
-                ConfigKey configKey = 
configKeys.get(validatedConfigValue.name());
-                ConfigKeyInfo configKeyInfo = null;
-                if (configKey != null) {
-                    if (configKey.group != null) {
-                        groups.add(configKey.group);
-                    }
-                    configKeyInfo = convertConfigKey(configKey, prefix);
-                }
 
-                ConfigValue configValue = new ConfigValue(prefix + 
validatedConfigValue.name(), validatedConfigValue.value(),
-                                                          
validatedConfigValue.recommendedValues(), validatedConfigValue.errorMessages());
-                if (!configValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()) {
-                    errorCount++;
+        return prefixedConfigInfos(configDef.configKeys(), configValues, 
prefix);
+    }
+
+    private static ConfigInfos prefixedConfigInfos(Map<String, ConfigKey> 
configKeys, List<ConfigValue> configValues, String prefix) {
+        int errorCount = 0;
+        Set<String> groups = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        List<ConfigInfo> configInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (configValues == null) {

Review Comment:
   I think this null check is only relevant when the value is coming from the 
overridePolicy.validate, in validateConverterConfig, I think the 
ConfigDef#validate call will always be non-null.



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -392,6 +399,146 @@ protected Map<String, ConfigValue> 
validateSourceConnectorConfig(SourceConnector
         return configDef.validateAll(config);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * General-purpose validation logic for converters that are configured 
directly
+     * in a connector config (as opposed to inherited from the worker config).
+     * @param connectorConfig the configuration for the connector; may not be 
null
+     * @param pluginConfigValue the {@link ConfigValue} for the converter 
property in the connector config;
+     *                          may be null, in which case no validation will 
be performed under the assumption that the
+     *                          connector will use inherit the converter 
settings from the worker
+     * @param pluginInterface the interface for the plugin type
+     *                        (e.g., {@code 
org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.Converter.class});
+     *                        may not be null
+     * @param configDefAccessor an accessor that can be used to retrieve a 
{@link ConfigDef}
+     *                          from an instance of the plugin type (e.g., 
{@code Converter::config});
+     *                          may not be null
+     * @param pluginName a lowercase, human-readable name for the type of 
plugin (e.g., {@code "key converter"});
+     *                   may not be null
+     * @param pluginProperty the property used to define a custom class for 
the plugin type
+     *                       in a connector config (e.g., {@link 
ConnectorConfig#KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG});
+     *                       may not be null
+     * @param defaultProperties any default properties to include in the 
configuration that will be used for
+     *                          the plugin; may be null
+
+     * @return a {@link ConfigInfos} object containing validation results for 
the plugin in the connector config,
+     * or null if no custom validation was performed (possibly because no 
custom plugin was defined in the connector
+     * config)
+
+     * @param <T> the plugin class to perform validation for
+     */
+    private <T> ConfigInfos validateConverterConfig(
+            Map<String, String> connectorConfig,
+            ConfigValue pluginConfigValue,
+            Class<T> pluginInterface,
+            Function<T, ConfigDef> configDefAccessor,
+            String pluginName,
+            String pluginProperty,
+            Map<String, String> defaultProperties
+    ) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(connectorConfig);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginInterface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(configDefAccessor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginProperty);
+
+        String pluginClass = connectorConfig.get(pluginProperty);
+
+        if (pluginClass == null
+                || pluginConfigValue == null
+                || !pluginConfigValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()
+        ) {
+            // Either no custom converter was specified, or one was specified 
but there's a problem with it.
+            // No need to proceed any further.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        T pluginInstance;
+        try {
+            pluginInstance = Utils.newInstance(pluginClass, pluginInterface);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | RuntimeException e) {
+            log.error("Failed to instantiate {} class {}; this should have 
been caught by prior validation logic", pluginName, pluginClass, e);
+            pluginConfigValue.addErrorMessage("Failed to load class " + 
pluginClass + (e.getMessage() != null ? ": " + e.getMessage() : ""));
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            ConfigDef configDef;
+            try {

Review Comment:
   Do you want to add a stage for this call into the plugin?



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -392,6 +399,146 @@ protected Map<String, ConfigValue> 
validateSourceConnectorConfig(SourceConnector
         return configDef.validateAll(config);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * General-purpose validation logic for converters that are configured 
directly
+     * in a connector config (as opposed to inherited from the worker config).
+     * @param connectorConfig the configuration for the connector; may not be 
null
+     * @param pluginConfigValue the {@link ConfigValue} for the converter 
property in the connector config;
+     *                          may be null, in which case no validation will 
be performed under the assumption that the
+     *                          connector will use inherit the converter 
settings from the worker
+     * @param pluginInterface the interface for the plugin type
+     *                        (e.g., {@code 
org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.Converter.class});
+     *                        may not be null
+     * @param configDefAccessor an accessor that can be used to retrieve a 
{@link ConfigDef}
+     *                          from an instance of the plugin type (e.g., 
{@code Converter::config});
+     *                          may not be null
+     * @param pluginName a lowercase, human-readable name for the type of 
plugin (e.g., {@code "key converter"});
+     *                   may not be null
+     * @param pluginProperty the property used to define a custom class for 
the plugin type
+     *                       in a connector config (e.g., {@link 
ConnectorConfig#KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG});
+     *                       may not be null
+     * @param defaultProperties any default properties to include in the 
configuration that will be used for
+     *                          the plugin; may be null
+
+     * @return a {@link ConfigInfos} object containing validation results for 
the plugin in the connector config,
+     * or null if no custom validation was performed (possibly because no 
custom plugin was defined in the connector
+     * config)
+
+     * @param <T> the plugin class to perform validation for
+     */
+    private <T> ConfigInfos validateConverterConfig(
+            Map<String, String> connectorConfig,
+            ConfigValue pluginConfigValue,
+            Class<T> pluginInterface,
+            Function<T, ConfigDef> configDefAccessor,
+            String pluginName,
+            String pluginProperty,
+            Map<String, String> defaultProperties
+    ) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(connectorConfig);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginInterface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(configDefAccessor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginProperty);
+
+        String pluginClass = connectorConfig.get(pluginProperty);
+
+        if (pluginClass == null
+                || pluginConfigValue == null
+                || !pluginConfigValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()
+        ) {
+            // Either no custom converter was specified, or one was specified 
but there's a problem with it.
+            // No need to proceed any further.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        T pluginInstance;
+        try {
+            pluginInstance = Utils.newInstance(pluginClass, pluginInterface);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | RuntimeException e) {
+            log.error("Failed to instantiate {} class {}; this should have 
been caught by prior validation logic", pluginName, pluginClass, e);
+            pluginConfigValue.addErrorMessage("Failed to load class " + 
pluginClass + (e.getMessage() != null ? ": " + e.getMessage() : ""));

Review Comment:
   I think mutating the passed-in value is correct here, but it's not clear 
from the signature that this happens.



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -392,6 +399,146 @@ protected Map<String, ConfigValue> 
validateSourceConnectorConfig(SourceConnector
         return configDef.validateAll(config);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * General-purpose validation logic for converters that are configured 
directly
+     * in a connector config (as opposed to inherited from the worker config).
+     * @param connectorConfig the configuration for the connector; may not be 
null
+     * @param pluginConfigValue the {@link ConfigValue} for the converter 
property in the connector config;
+     *                          may be null, in which case no validation will 
be performed under the assumption that the
+     *                          connector will use inherit the converter 
settings from the worker
+     * @param pluginInterface the interface for the plugin type
+     *                        (e.g., {@code 
org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.Converter.class});
+     *                        may not be null
+     * @param configDefAccessor an accessor that can be used to retrieve a 
{@link ConfigDef}
+     *                          from an instance of the plugin type (e.g., 
{@code Converter::config});
+     *                          may not be null
+     * @param pluginName a lowercase, human-readable name for the type of 
plugin (e.g., {@code "key converter"});
+     *                   may not be null
+     * @param pluginProperty the property used to define a custom class for 
the plugin type
+     *                       in a connector config (e.g., {@link 
ConnectorConfig#KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG});
+     *                       may not be null
+     * @param defaultProperties any default properties to include in the 
configuration that will be used for
+     *                          the plugin; may be null
+
+     * @return a {@link ConfigInfos} object containing validation results for 
the plugin in the connector config,
+     * or null if no custom validation was performed (possibly because no 
custom plugin was defined in the connector
+     * config)
+
+     * @param <T> the plugin class to perform validation for
+     */
+    private <T> ConfigInfos validateConverterConfig(
+            Map<String, String> connectorConfig,
+            ConfigValue pluginConfigValue,
+            Class<T> pluginInterface,
+            Function<T, ConfigDef> configDefAccessor,
+            String pluginName,
+            String pluginProperty,
+            Map<String, String> defaultProperties
+    ) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(connectorConfig);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginInterface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(configDefAccessor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginProperty);
+
+        String pluginClass = connectorConfig.get(pluginProperty);
+
+        if (pluginClass == null
+                || pluginConfigValue == null
+                || !pluginConfigValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()
+        ) {
+            // Either no custom converter was specified, or one was specified 
but there's a problem with it.
+            // No need to proceed any further.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        T pluginInstance;
+        try {
+            pluginInstance = Utils.newInstance(pluginClass, pluginInterface);

Review Comment:
   This initializes the plugin with the wrong classloader (and I guess applies 
the configDefAccessor with the wrong classloader too).
   
   There's already Plugins#newPlugin(String) which you could use, but it 
returns Object. Perhaps we could add a Class<T> argument to make the type 
signature better.



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -392,6 +399,146 @@ protected Map<String, ConfigValue> 
validateSourceConnectorConfig(SourceConnector
         return configDef.validateAll(config);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * General-purpose validation logic for converters that are configured 
directly
+     * in a connector config (as opposed to inherited from the worker config).
+     * @param connectorConfig the configuration for the connector; may not be 
null
+     * @param pluginConfigValue the {@link ConfigValue} for the converter 
property in the connector config;
+     *                          may be null, in which case no validation will 
be performed under the assumption that the
+     *                          connector will use inherit the converter 
settings from the worker
+     * @param pluginInterface the interface for the plugin type
+     *                        (e.g., {@code 
org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.Converter.class});
+     *                        may not be null
+     * @param configDefAccessor an accessor that can be used to retrieve a 
{@link ConfigDef}
+     *                          from an instance of the plugin type (e.g., 
{@code Converter::config});
+     *                          may not be null
+     * @param pluginName a lowercase, human-readable name for the type of 
plugin (e.g., {@code "key converter"});
+     *                   may not be null
+     * @param pluginProperty the property used to define a custom class for 
the plugin type
+     *                       in a connector config (e.g., {@link 
ConnectorConfig#KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG});
+     *                       may not be null
+     * @param defaultProperties any default properties to include in the 
configuration that will be used for
+     *                          the plugin; may be null
+
+     * @return a {@link ConfigInfos} object containing validation results for 
the plugin in the connector config,
+     * or null if no custom validation was performed (possibly because no 
custom plugin was defined in the connector
+     * config)
+
+     * @param <T> the plugin class to perform validation for
+     */
+    private <T> ConfigInfos validateConverterConfig(
+            Map<String, String> connectorConfig,
+            ConfigValue pluginConfigValue,
+            Class<T> pluginInterface,
+            Function<T, ConfigDef> configDefAccessor,
+            String pluginName,
+            String pluginProperty,
+            Map<String, String> defaultProperties
+    ) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(connectorConfig);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginInterface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(configDefAccessor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginProperty);
+
+        String pluginClass = connectorConfig.get(pluginProperty);
+
+        if (pluginClass == null
+                || pluginConfigValue == null
+                || !pluginConfigValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()
+        ) {
+            // Either no custom converter was specified, or one was specified 
but there's a problem with it.
+            // No need to proceed any further.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        T pluginInstance;
+        try {
+            pluginInstance = Utils.newInstance(pluginClass, pluginInterface);

Review Comment:
   This is where the connector validation used the tempConnectors cache to 
re-use the connector objects.
   Personally i'm fine with per-call instantiation, but thought it would be 
worth mentioning.



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -562,8 +709,13 @@ ConfigInfos validateConnectorConfig(
             configKeys.putAll(configDef.configKeys());
             allGroups.addAll(configDef.groups());
             configValues.addAll(config.configValues());
-            ConfigInfos configInfos =  generateResult(connType, configKeys, 
configValues, new ArrayList<>(allGroups));
 
+            // do custom converter-specific validation
+            ConfigInfos headerConverterConfigInfos = 
validateHeaderConverterConfig(connectorProps, 
validatedConnectorConfig.get(HEADER_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG));
+            ConfigInfos keyConverterConfigInfos = 
validateKeyConverterConfig(connectorProps, 
validatedConnectorConfig.get(KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG));
+            ConfigInfos valueConverterConfigInfos = 
validateValueConverterConfig(connectorProps, 
validatedConnectorConfig.get(VALUE_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG));

Review Comment:
   nit: these constants are provided here, and also hard-coded inside these 
functions



##########
clients/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/common/utils/Utils.java:
##########
@@ -16,6 +16,15 @@
  */
 package org.apache.kafka.common.utils;
 
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
+import java.util.AbstractMap;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.SortedSet;
+import java.util.TreeSet;

Review Comment:
   nit: merge conflict?



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -392,6 +399,146 @@ protected Map<String, ConfigValue> 
validateSourceConnectorConfig(SourceConnector
         return configDef.validateAll(config);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * General-purpose validation logic for converters that are configured 
directly
+     * in a connector config (as opposed to inherited from the worker config).
+     * @param connectorConfig the configuration for the connector; may not be 
null
+     * @param pluginConfigValue the {@link ConfigValue} for the converter 
property in the connector config;
+     *                          may be null, in which case no validation will 
be performed under the assumption that the
+     *                          connector will use inherit the converter 
settings from the worker
+     * @param pluginInterface the interface for the plugin type
+     *                        (e.g., {@code 
org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.Converter.class});
+     *                        may not be null
+     * @param configDefAccessor an accessor that can be used to retrieve a 
{@link ConfigDef}
+     *                          from an instance of the plugin type (e.g., 
{@code Converter::config});
+     *                          may not be null
+     * @param pluginName a lowercase, human-readable name for the type of 
plugin (e.g., {@code "key converter"});
+     *                   may not be null
+     * @param pluginProperty the property used to define a custom class for 
the plugin type
+     *                       in a connector config (e.g., {@link 
ConnectorConfig#KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG});
+     *                       may not be null
+     * @param defaultProperties any default properties to include in the 
configuration that will be used for
+     *                          the plugin; may be null
+
+     * @return a {@link ConfigInfos} object containing validation results for 
the plugin in the connector config,
+     * or null if no custom validation was performed (possibly because no 
custom plugin was defined in the connector
+     * config)
+
+     * @param <T> the plugin class to perform validation for
+     */
+    private <T> ConfigInfos validateConverterConfig(
+            Map<String, String> connectorConfig,
+            ConfigValue pluginConfigValue,
+            Class<T> pluginInterface,
+            Function<T, ConfigDef> configDefAccessor,
+            String pluginName,
+            String pluginProperty,
+            Map<String, String> defaultProperties
+    ) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(connectorConfig);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginInterface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(configDefAccessor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginProperty);
+
+        String pluginClass = connectorConfig.get(pluginProperty);
+
+        if (pluginClass == null
+                || pluginConfigValue == null
+                || !pluginConfigValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()
+        ) {
+            // Either no custom converter was specified, or one was specified 
but there's a problem with it.
+            // No need to proceed any further.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        T pluginInstance;
+        try {
+            pluginInstance = Utils.newInstance(pluginClass, pluginInterface);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | RuntimeException e) {
+            log.error("Failed to instantiate {} class {}; this should have 
been caught by prior validation logic", pluginName, pluginClass, e);
+            pluginConfigValue.addErrorMessage("Failed to load class " + 
pluginClass + (e.getMessage() != null ? ": " + e.getMessage() : ""));
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            ConfigDef configDef;
+            try {
+                configDef = configDefAccessor.apply(pluginInstance);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                log.error("Failed to load ConfigDef from {} of type {}", 
pluginName, pluginClass, e);
+                pluginConfigValue.addErrorMessage("Failed to load ConfigDef 
from " + pluginName + (e.getMessage() != null ? ": " + e.getMessage() : ""));
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (configDef == null) {
+                log.warn("{}.config() has returned a null ConfigDef; no 
further preflight config validation for this converter will be performed", 
pluginClass);
+                // Older versions of Connect didn't do any converter 
validation.
+                // Even though converters are technically required to return a 
non-null ConfigDef object from their config() method,
+                // we permit this case in order to avoid breaking existing 
converters that, despite not adhering to this requirement,
+                // can be used successfully with a connector.
+                return null;
+            }
+            final String pluginPrefix = pluginProperty + ".";
+            Map<String, String> pluginConfig = 
connectorConfig.entrySet().stream()

Review Comment:
   nit: Utils#entriesWithPrefix ?
   
   This would mirror the logic used in AbstractConfig#originalsWithPrefix which 
is what is used during normal instantiation.



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -392,6 +399,146 @@ protected Map<String, ConfigValue> 
validateSourceConnectorConfig(SourceConnector
         return configDef.validateAll(config);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * General-purpose validation logic for converters that are configured 
directly
+     * in a connector config (as opposed to inherited from the worker config).
+     * @param connectorConfig the configuration for the connector; may not be 
null
+     * @param pluginConfigValue the {@link ConfigValue} for the converter 
property in the connector config;
+     *                          may be null, in which case no validation will 
be performed under the assumption that the
+     *                          connector will use inherit the converter 
settings from the worker
+     * @param pluginInterface the interface for the plugin type
+     *                        (e.g., {@code 
org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.Converter.class});
+     *                        may not be null
+     * @param configDefAccessor an accessor that can be used to retrieve a 
{@link ConfigDef}
+     *                          from an instance of the plugin type (e.g., 
{@code Converter::config});
+     *                          may not be null
+     * @param pluginName a lowercase, human-readable name for the type of 
plugin (e.g., {@code "key converter"});
+     *                   may not be null
+     * @param pluginProperty the property used to define a custom class for 
the plugin type
+     *                       in a connector config (e.g., {@link 
ConnectorConfig#KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG});
+     *                       may not be null
+     * @param defaultProperties any default properties to include in the 
configuration that will be used for
+     *                          the plugin; may be null
+
+     * @return a {@link ConfigInfos} object containing validation results for 
the plugin in the connector config,
+     * or null if no custom validation was performed (possibly because no 
custom plugin was defined in the connector
+     * config)
+
+     * @param <T> the plugin class to perform validation for
+     */
+    private <T> ConfigInfos validateConverterConfig(
+            Map<String, String> connectorConfig,
+            ConfigValue pluginConfigValue,
+            Class<T> pluginInterface,
+            Function<T, ConfigDef> configDefAccessor,
+            String pluginName,
+            String pluginProperty,
+            Map<String, String> defaultProperties
+    ) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(connectorConfig);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginInterface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(configDefAccessor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginProperty);
+
+        String pluginClass = connectorConfig.get(pluginProperty);
+
+        if (pluginClass == null
+                || pluginConfigValue == null
+                || !pluginConfigValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()
+        ) {
+            // Either no custom converter was specified, or one was specified 
but there's a problem with it.
+            // No need to proceed any further.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        T pluginInstance;
+        try {
+            pluginInstance = Utils.newInstance(pluginClass, pluginInterface);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | RuntimeException e) {
+            log.error("Failed to instantiate {} class {}; this should have 
been caught by prior validation logic", pluginName, pluginClass, e);
+            pluginConfigValue.addErrorMessage("Failed to load class " + 
pluginClass + (e.getMessage() != null ? ": " + e.getMessage() : ""));
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            ConfigDef configDef;
+            try {
+                configDef = configDefAccessor.apply(pluginInstance);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
               } catch (Exception e) {
   ```



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -392,6 +399,146 @@ protected Map<String, ConfigValue> 
validateSourceConnectorConfig(SourceConnector
         return configDef.validateAll(config);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * General-purpose validation logic for converters that are configured 
directly
+     * in a connector config (as opposed to inherited from the worker config).
+     * @param connectorConfig the configuration for the connector; may not be 
null
+     * @param pluginConfigValue the {@link ConfigValue} for the converter 
property in the connector config;
+     *                          may be null, in which case no validation will 
be performed under the assumption that the
+     *                          connector will use inherit the converter 
settings from the worker
+     * @param pluginInterface the interface for the plugin type
+     *                        (e.g., {@code 
org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.Converter.class});
+     *                        may not be null
+     * @param configDefAccessor an accessor that can be used to retrieve a 
{@link ConfigDef}
+     *                          from an instance of the plugin type (e.g., 
{@code Converter::config});
+     *                          may not be null
+     * @param pluginName a lowercase, human-readable name for the type of 
plugin (e.g., {@code "key converter"});
+     *                   may not be null
+     * @param pluginProperty the property used to define a custom class for 
the plugin type
+     *                       in a connector config (e.g., {@link 
ConnectorConfig#KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG});
+     *                       may not be null
+     * @param defaultProperties any default properties to include in the 
configuration that will be used for
+     *                          the plugin; may be null
+
+     * @return a {@link ConfigInfos} object containing validation results for 
the plugin in the connector config,
+     * or null if no custom validation was performed (possibly because no 
custom plugin was defined in the connector
+     * config)
+
+     * @param <T> the plugin class to perform validation for
+     */
+    private <T> ConfigInfos validateConverterConfig(
+            Map<String, String> connectorConfig,
+            ConfigValue pluginConfigValue,
+            Class<T> pluginInterface,
+            Function<T, ConfigDef> configDefAccessor,
+            String pluginName,
+            String pluginProperty,
+            Map<String, String> defaultProperties
+    ) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(connectorConfig);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginInterface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(configDefAccessor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginProperty);
+
+        String pluginClass = connectorConfig.get(pluginProperty);
+
+        if (pluginClass == null
+                || pluginConfigValue == null
+                || !pluginConfigValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()
+        ) {
+            // Either no custom converter was specified, or one was specified 
but there's a problem with it.
+            // No need to proceed any further.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        T pluginInstance;
+        try {
+            pluginInstance = Utils.newInstance(pluginClass, pluginInterface);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | RuntimeException e) {
+            log.error("Failed to instantiate {} class {}; this should have 
been caught by prior validation logic", pluginName, pluginClass, e);
+            pluginConfigValue.addErrorMessage("Failed to load class " + 
pluginClass + (e.getMessage() != null ? ": " + e.getMessage() : ""));
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            ConfigDef configDef;
+            try {
+                configDef = configDefAccessor.apply(pluginInstance);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                log.error("Failed to load ConfigDef from {} of type {}", 
pluginName, pluginClass, e);
+                pluginConfigValue.addErrorMessage("Failed to load ConfigDef 
from " + pluginName + (e.getMessage() != null ? ": " + e.getMessage() : ""));
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (configDef == null) {
+                log.warn("{}.config() has returned a null ConfigDef; no 
further preflight config validation for this converter will be performed", 
pluginClass);
+                // Older versions of Connect didn't do any converter 
validation.
+                // Even though converters are technically required to return a 
non-null ConfigDef object from their config() method,
+                // we permit this case in order to avoid breaking existing 
converters that, despite not adhering to this requirement,
+                // can be used successfully with a connector.
+                return null;
+            }
+            final String pluginPrefix = pluginProperty + ".";
+            Map<String, String> pluginConfig = 
connectorConfig.entrySet().stream()
+                    .filter(e -> e.getKey().startsWith(pluginPrefix))
+                    .collect(Collectors.toMap(
+                            e -> e.getKey().substring(pluginPrefix.length()),
+                            Map.Entry::getValue
+                    ));
+            if (defaultProperties != null)
+                defaultProperties.forEach(pluginConfig::putIfAbsent);
+
+            List<ConfigValue> configValues;
+            try {
+                configValues = configDef.validate(pluginConfig);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
               } catch (Exception e) {
   ```



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -392,6 +399,146 @@ protected Map<String, ConfigValue> 
validateSourceConnectorConfig(SourceConnector
         return configDef.validateAll(config);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * General-purpose validation logic for converters that are configured 
directly
+     * in a connector config (as opposed to inherited from the worker config).
+     * @param connectorConfig the configuration for the connector; may not be 
null
+     * @param pluginConfigValue the {@link ConfigValue} for the converter 
property in the connector config;
+     *                          may be null, in which case no validation will 
be performed under the assumption that the
+     *                          connector will use inherit the converter 
settings from the worker
+     * @param pluginInterface the interface for the plugin type
+     *                        (e.g., {@code 
org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.Converter.class});
+     *                        may not be null
+     * @param configDefAccessor an accessor that can be used to retrieve a 
{@link ConfigDef}
+     *                          from an instance of the plugin type (e.g., 
{@code Converter::config});
+     *                          may not be null
+     * @param pluginName a lowercase, human-readable name for the type of 
plugin (e.g., {@code "key converter"});
+     *                   may not be null
+     * @param pluginProperty the property used to define a custom class for 
the plugin type
+     *                       in a connector config (e.g., {@link 
ConnectorConfig#KEY_CONVERTER_CLASS_CONFIG});
+     *                       may not be null
+     * @param defaultProperties any default properties to include in the 
configuration that will be used for
+     *                          the plugin; may be null
+
+     * @return a {@link ConfigInfos} object containing validation results for 
the plugin in the connector config,
+     * or null if no custom validation was performed (possibly because no 
custom plugin was defined in the connector
+     * config)
+
+     * @param <T> the plugin class to perform validation for
+     */
+    private <T> ConfigInfos validateConverterConfig(
+            Map<String, String> connectorConfig,
+            ConfigValue pluginConfigValue,
+            Class<T> pluginInterface,
+            Function<T, ConfigDef> configDefAccessor,
+            String pluginName,
+            String pluginProperty,
+            Map<String, String> defaultProperties
+    ) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(connectorConfig);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginInterface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(configDefAccessor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginName);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(pluginProperty);
+
+        String pluginClass = connectorConfig.get(pluginProperty);
+
+        if (pluginClass == null
+                || pluginConfigValue == null
+                || !pluginConfigValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()
+        ) {
+            // Either no custom converter was specified, or one was specified 
but there's a problem with it.
+            // No need to proceed any further.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        T pluginInstance;
+        try {
+            pluginInstance = Utils.newInstance(pluginClass, pluginInterface);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | RuntimeException e) {

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
           } catch (Exception e) {
   ```



##########
connect/runtime/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/connect/runtime/AbstractHerder.java:
##########
@@ -655,27 +811,38 @@ private static ConfigInfos validateClientOverrides(String 
connName,
         ConnectorClientConfigRequest connectorClientConfigRequest = new 
ConnectorClientConfigRequest(
             connName, connectorType, connectorClass, clientConfigs, 
clientType);
         List<ConfigValue> configValues = 
connectorClientConfigOverridePolicy.validate(connectorClientConfigRequest);
-        if (configValues != null) {
-            for (ConfigValue validatedConfigValue : configValues) {
-                ConfigKey configKey = 
configKeys.get(validatedConfigValue.name());
-                ConfigKeyInfo configKeyInfo = null;
-                if (configKey != null) {
-                    if (configKey.group != null) {
-                        groups.add(configKey.group);
-                    }
-                    configKeyInfo = convertConfigKey(configKey, prefix);
-                }
 
-                ConfigValue configValue = new ConfigValue(prefix + 
validatedConfigValue.name(), validatedConfigValue.value(),
-                                                          
validatedConfigValue.recommendedValues(), validatedConfigValue.errorMessages());
-                if (!configValue.errorMessages().isEmpty()) {
-                    errorCount++;
+        return prefixedConfigInfos(configDef.configKeys(), configValues, 
prefix);
+    }
+
+    private static ConfigInfos prefixedConfigInfos(Map<String, ConfigKey> 
configKeys, List<ConfigValue> configValues, String prefix) {
+        int errorCount = 0;
+        Set<String> groups = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        List<ConfigInfo> configInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (configValues == null) {
+            return new ConfigInfos("", 0, new ArrayList<>(groups), 
configInfos);
+        }
+
+        for (ConfigValue validatedConfigValue : configValues) {
+            ConfigKey configKey = configKeys.get(validatedConfigValue.name());
+            ConfigKeyInfo configKeyInfo = null;
+            if (configKey != null) {
+                if (configKey.group != null) {
+                    groups.add(configKey.group);
                 }
-                ConfigValueInfo configValueInfo = 
convertConfigValue(configValue, configKey != null ? configKey.type : null);
-                configInfoList.add(new ConfigInfo(configKeyInfo, 
configValueInfo));
+                configKeyInfo = convertConfigKey(configKey, prefix);
+            }
+
+            ConfigValue configValue = new ConfigValue(prefix + 
validatedConfigValue.name(), validatedConfigValue.value(),
+                    validatedConfigValue.recommendedValues(), 
validatedConfigValue.errorMessages());
+            if (configValue.errorMessages().size() > 0) {
+                errorCount++;
             }
+            ConfigValueInfo configValueInfo = convertConfigValue(configValue, 
configKey != null ? configKey.type : null);
+            configInfos.add(new ConfigInfo(configKeyInfo, configValueInfo));
         }
-        return new ConfigInfos(connectorClass.toString(), errorCount, new 
ArrayList<>(groups), configInfoList);
+        return new ConfigInfos("", errorCount, new ArrayList<>(groups), 
configInfos);

Review Comment:
   nit: i don't like this empty string, but i see that it has no overall 
effect. I wonder if the validator can just return List<ConfigInfo> and compute 
errorCount/groups at the end.
   
   This doesn't have to be done in this PR.



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