eeriee opened a new pull request, #22810:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/22810

   ## Summary
   add() is called on every send() via KafkaProducer.waitOnMetadata, so the 
synchronized method contends with the Sender thread's update()/ retainTopic() 
calls on every produced record even though the vast majority of calls are just 
refreshing an already-tracked topic's expiry.
   
   Switch the topics map to a ConcurrentHashMap and refresh known topics via a 
lock-free replace(), which only writes if the topic is still present. For a 
topic seen for the first time (or one concurrently evicted by retainTopic()), 
fall back to a synchronized block so the map insert and newTopics bookkeeping 
happen atomically with retainTopic() - otherwise retainTopic() could 
expire-and-remove the topic in the gap between the two, leaving it recorded in 
newTopics without the corresponding map entry, or silently re-inserting an 
evicted topic without the newTopics bookkeeping needed to trigger an immediate 
refresh.
   
   retainTopic() switches to a conditional remove(topic, expireMs) so a 
concurrent refresh of an existing topic in add() can't be undone by an eviction 
decision based on the expiry value read just before the refresh landed.
   
   ## Testing
   Adds ProducerMetadataTest#testRetainTopic for direct coverage of 
retainTopic()'s branches, and a JMH benchmark
   (ProducerMetadataAddBenchmark) comparing add() against a baseline mirroring 
the prior fully-synchronized implementation. With 8 threads concurrently 
refreshing a shared pool of 200 already-tracked topics:
   
   Benchmark                                                        Mode  Cnt   
   Score      Error   Units
   ProducerMetadataAddBenchmark.addExistingTopicFullySynchronized  thrpt    5   
6217.287 ± 1279.054  ops/ms
   ProducerMetadataAddBenchmark.addExistingTopicLockFreeHotPath    thrpt    5  
27232.344 ± 5404.836  ops/ms
   
   ~4.4x higher throughput under this contention pattern.
   
   


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