cmccabe commented on a change in pull request #9901:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/9901#discussion_r568030679



##########
File path: 
metadata/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/timeline/SnapshotRegistry.java
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.kafka.timeline;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LogContext;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+
+/**
+ * A registry containing snapshots of timeline data structures.
+ * We generally expect a small number of snapshots-- perhaps 1 or 2 at a time.
+ * Therefore, we use ArrayLists here rather than a data structure with higher 
overhead.
+ */
+public class SnapshotRegistry {
+    class SnapshotIterator implements Iterator<Snapshot> {
+        Snapshot cur;
+        Snapshot result = null;
+
+        SnapshotIterator(Snapshot start) {
+            cur = start;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean hasNext() {
+            return cur != head;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Snapshot next() {
+            result = cur;
+            cur = cur.next();
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void remove() {
+            if (result == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            }
+            deleteSnapshot(result);
+            result = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ReverseSnapshotIterator implements Iterator<Snapshot> {
+        Snapshot cur;
+
+        ReverseSnapshotIterator() {
+            cur = head.prev();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean hasNext() {
+            return cur != head;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Snapshot next() {
+            Snapshot result = cur;
+            cur = cur.prev();
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Logger log;
+
+    /**
+     * A map from snapshot epochs to snapshot data structures.
+     */
+    private final HashMap<Long, Snapshot> snapshots = new HashMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * The head of a list of snapshots, sorted by epoch.
+     */
+    private final Snapshot head = new Snapshot(Long.MIN_VALUE);
+
+    public SnapshotRegistry(LogContext logContext) {
+        this.log = logContext.logger(SnapshotRegistry.class);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a snapshot iterator that iterates from the snapshots with the
+     * lowest epoch to those with the highest.
+     */
+    public Iterator<Snapshot> iterator() {
+        return new SnapshotIterator(head.next());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a snapshot iterator that iterates from the snapshots with the
+     * lowest epoch to those with the highest, starting at the snapshot with 
the
+     * given epoch.
+     */
+    public Iterator<Snapshot> iterator(long epoch) {
+        return iterator(getSnapshot(epoch));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a snapshot iterator that iterates from the snapshots with the
+     * lowest epoch to those with the highest, starting at the given snapshot.
+     */
+    public Iterator<Snapshot> iterator(Snapshot snapshot) {
+        return new SnapshotIterator(snapshot);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a reverse snapshot iterator that iterates from the snapshots 
with the
+     * highest epoch to those with the lowest.
+     */
+    public Iterator<Snapshot> reverseIterator() {
+        return new ReverseSnapshotIterator();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a sorted list of snapshot epochs.
+     */
+    public List<Long> epochsList() {
+        List<Long> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Iterator<Snapshot> iterator = iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
+            result.add(iterator.next().epoch());
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the snapshot for a specific epoch.
+     */
+    public Snapshot getSnapshot(long epoch) {
+        Snapshot snapshot = snapshots.get(epoch);
+        if (snapshot == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("No snapshot for epoch " + epoch + ". 
Snapshot " +
+                "epochs are: " + epochsList().stream().map(e -> e.toString()).
+                    collect(Collectors.joining(", ")));
+        }
+        return snapshot;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new snapshot at the given epoch.
+     *
+     * @param epoch             The epoch to create the snapshot at.  The 
current epoch
+     *                          will be advanced to one past this epoch.
+     */
+    public Snapshot createSnapshot(long epoch) {
+        Snapshot last = head.prev();
+        if (last.epoch() >= epoch) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Can't create a new snapshot at epoch " 
+ epoch +
+                " because there is already a snapshot with epoch " + 
last.epoch());
+        }
+        Snapshot snapshot = new Snapshot(epoch);
+        last.appendNext(snapshot);
+        snapshots.put(epoch, snapshot);
+        log.debug("Creating snapshot {}", epoch);
+        Snapshot n = head.next();
+        while (n != head) {
+            n = n.next();
+        }
+        return snapshot;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverts the state of all data structures to the state at the given 
epoch.
+     *
+     * @param targetEpoch       The epoch of the snapshot to revert to.
+     */
+    public void revertToSnapshot(long targetEpoch) {
+        Snapshot target = getSnapshot(targetEpoch);
+        Iterator<Snapshot> iterator = iterator(target);
+        iterator.next();
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            Snapshot snapshot = iterator.next();
+            log.debug("Deleting snapshot {} because we are reverting to {}",
+                snapshot.epoch(), targetEpoch);
+            iterator.remove();
+        }
+        target.handleRevert();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes the snapshot with the given epoch.
+     *
+     * @param targetEpoch       The epoch of the snapshot to delete.
+     */
+    public void deleteSnapshot(long targetEpoch) {
+        deleteSnapshot(getSnapshot(targetEpoch));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes the given snapshot.
+     *
+     * @param snapshot          The snapshot to delete.
+     */
+    public void deleteSnapshot(Snapshot snapshot) {
+        Snapshot prev = snapshot.prev();
+        if (prev != head) {
+            prev.mergeFrom(snapshot);

Review comment:
       So the merging logic is needed when deleting a snapshot that isn't the 
oldest snapshot




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