Summary ( important section)
*****
A four-
processor machine can be visualized as a four-lane freeway. Each lane
provides the path on which instructions can execute. A vehicle can
represent those instructions. Additionally, there are vehicles on the
entrance lanes ready to travel down the freeway, and the four lanes
either are ready to accommodate that demand or they're not. If all
freeway lanes are jammed, the cars entering have to wait for an
opening. If we now apply the CPU percentage and CPU load-average
measurements to this situation, percentage examines the relative
amount of time each vehicle was found occupying a freeway lane, which
inherently ignores the pent-up demand for the freeway--that is, the
cars lined up on the entrances. So, for example, vehicle license XYZ
123 was found on the freeway 30% of the sampling time. Vehicle license
ABC 987 was found on the freeway 14% of the time. That gives a picture
of how each vehicle is utilizing the freeway, but it does not indicate
demand for the freeway.

Moreover, the percentage of time these vehicles are found on the
freeway tells us nothing about the overall traffic pattern except,
perhaps, that they are taking longer to get to their destination than
they would like. Thus, we probably would suspect some sort of a jam,
but the CPU percentage would not tell us for sure. The load averages,
on the other hand, would.

This brings us to the point. It is the overall traffic pattern of the
freeway itself that gives us the best picture of the traffic
situation, not merely how often cars are found occupying lanes. The
load average gives us that view because it includes the cars that are
queuing up to get on the freeway. It could be the case that it is a
nonrush-hour time of day, and there is little demand for the freeway,
but there just happens to be a lot of cars on the road. The CPU
percentage shows us how much the cars are using the freeway, but the
load averages show us the whole picture, including pent-up demand.
Even more interesting, the more recent that pent-up demand is, the
more the load-average value reflects it. *****
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