Ilari Liusvaara wrote:

>The (pre-quantum) strengths of P-256 and AES-128 can not be directly
compared because scaling is different (P-256 has quadric scaling and
AES-128 has linear scaling). However, P-256 is clearly stronger of the
two.

Yes, and the same is true for X25519, it is also (as far as we know) stronger 
than AES-128 against classical attackers. Might be

>Even worse would be trying to to match strengths of confidentiality
and authentication. See RFC9420 for an example of this going very
wrong.

Agree. Typically, a better strategy is to go for simplicity and fewer options.

The worst and dangerous matching I have seen in practice is people justifying 
using random nonces and a fixed key with AES-GCM just because the security 
against distinguishing attacks is low (< 128). This leads to much lower 
practical security. With a nonce collision an attacker can recover two full 
messages and compromise the integrity for the rest of the sessions. With a 
distinguishing attack, the attacker can recover a negligible fraction of a 
single bit of plaintext….
https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/1111

Cheers,
John



matching the strengths against passive attacks on confidentiality and the



From: Ilari Liusvaara <[email protected]>
Date: Saturday, 11 October 2025 at 13:33
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: [jose] Re: I-D Action: draft-ietf-jose-hpke-encrypt-12.txt
On Sat, Oct 11, 2025 at 12:31:57PM +0530, tirumal reddy wrote:
>
> For the P-256, the equivalent symmetric security level is 128 bits, it
> should be paired with the AES-128 algorithm for a matching security
> strength.

The (pre-quantum) strengths of P-256 and AES-128 can not be directly
compared because scaling is different (P-256 has quadric scaling and
AES-128 has linear scaling). However, P-256 is clearly stronger of the
two.

Even worse would be trying to to match strengths of confidentiality
and authentication. See RFC9420 for an example of this going very
wrong.




-Ilari

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