I'm just getting into servlet/jsp/web programming, so this question might not make complete sense, but i'll try anyways... What's the best way to implement a middle-tier like structure using initially only servlets and jsp pages? Someday in the future, we'll probably look into real middleware (ie EJB's), but for now with our limited needs and resources, it seems like overkill. Any good guidlines/pointers on making something that will be fairly easy to move over? We're going to start off using a single controller-servlet (as discussed here on many occations) with action-objects that forward to jsp pages. How should the action-objects access back-end data? Should they have a reference to some sort of middleware object passed to them when instantiated? This seems like it would work, but I'm not sure if it's the best way. The other dilemna is how to get this same middleware object (is calling it an API for accessing backend data correct?) to jsp pages that get called directly, ie aren't forwared to by a servlet. But perhaps it's best to always have everything go through the controller-servlet. Thanks for any help/pointers/comments, Jeff =========================================================================== To unsubscribe: mailto [EMAIL PROTECTED] with body: "signoff JSP-INTEREST". FAQs on JSP can be found at: http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/faq.html http://www.esperanto.org.nz/jsp/jspfaq.html