>> I didn't realize i will be initiated as 0 if it is not be specified, so you guys mean i=0 is system default? <<
Apparently so. I wouldn't have believed it but it just worked, under JDK 1.3.1 on Windows 2000. The following code outputs "0". public class NotInit { static int i; public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(i); } } =========================================================================== To unsubscribe: mailto [EMAIL PROTECTED] with body: "signoff JSP-INTEREST". For digest: mailto [EMAIL PROTECTED] with body: "set JSP-INTEREST DIGEST". Some relevant FAQs on JSP/Servlets can be found at: http://archives.java.sun.com/jsp-interest.html http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/faq.html http://www.esperanto.org.nz/jsp/jspfaq.jsp http://www.jguru.com/faq/index.jsp http://www.jspinsider.com