Chris
I don't quite understand what you mean. Are you looking for a closure /
lambda expression?
```Julia
function myfunc(x0, x1, alpha)
f(x) = alpha * x
ODE.solve(f, x0, x1)
end
```
Or is it important for your that your function `f` is optimized, i.e. you
want to re-run the code generator (expensive!) every time there's a new
value for `alpha`? For this, you can use `Val` (but please benchmark first):
```Julia
function f{alpha}(x, ::Type{Val{alpha}})
alpha * x
end
function myfunc(x0, x1, alpha)
f1(x) = f(x, Val{alpha})
ODE.solve(f, x0, x1)
end
```
This will have a marginally faster evaluation of `f`, at the cost of
compiling a separate function for each value of `alpha`.
Since these examples use closures, they will be much more efficient in
Julia 0.5 than in 0.4.
-erik
On Tue, Aug 23, 2016 at 2:23 PM, Chris Rackauckas <rackd...@gmail.com>
wrote:
> Note: This looks long, but really just has a lot of LLVM IR!
>
> I have been digging into the issue recently of the best way to enclose
> parameters with a function
> <https://github.com/ChrisRackauckas/DifferentialEquations.jl/issues/41>.
> This is an issue that comes up a lot with scientific codes, and so I was
> hoping to try and get it right. However, the results of my experiments
> aren't looking too good, and so I was hoping to find out whether I am
> running into some bug or simply just not finding the optimal solution.
>
> The example is as follows (with LLVM IR included to show how exactly
> everything is compiling). Say the user wants we to do a bunch of things
> with the function f(u,t)=α*u where α is some parameter. They don't
> necessarily want to replace it as a constant since they may change it
> around a bit, but every time this function is given to me, I can treat it
> as a constant. If they were willing to treat it as a constant, then they
> could take this function:
>
> k(u::Float64,t::Float64,α) = α*u
> println("Standard k definition")
> @code_llvm k(1.0,2.0,1.01)
>
> #Result
>
> define double @julia_k_70163(double, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %3 = fmul double %0, %2
> ret double %3
> }
>
>
> and enclose the constant:
>
> G = (u,t) -> k(u,t,1.01)
> G2 = (u,t)->k(u,t,α)
> println("Top level inlined k")
> @code_llvm G(1.0,2.0)
> println("Top level not inlined k")
> @code_llvm G2(1.0,2.0)
> const β = 1.01
> G3 = (u,t)->k(u,t,β)
> println("Top level not inlined but const k")
> @code_llvm G3(1.0,2.0)
>
> #Results
>
> Top level inlined k
>
> define double @"julia_#159_70165"(double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %2 = fmul double %0, 1.010000e+00
> ret double %2
> }
>
> Top level not inlined k
>
> define %jl_value_t* @"julia_#161_70167"(double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %thread_ptr = call i8* asm "movq %fs:0, $0", "=r"() #2
> %ptls_i8 = getelementptr i8, i8* %thread_ptr, i64 -2672
> %ptls = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to %jl_value_t***
> %2 = alloca [5 x %jl_value_t*], align 8
> %.sub = getelementptr inbounds [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]*
> %2, i64 0, i64 0
> %3 = getelementptr [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %2, i64 0,
> i64 2
> %4 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %3 to i8*
> call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %4, i8 0, i32 24, i32 8, i1 false)
> %5 = bitcast [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %2 to i64*
> store i64 6, i64* %5, align 8
> %6 = getelementptr [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %2, i64 0,
> i64 1
> %7 = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to i64*
> %8 = load i64, i64* %7, align 8
> %9 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %6 to i64*
> store i64 %8, i64* %9, align 8
> store %jl_value_t** %.sub, %jl_value_t*** %ptls, align 8
> %10 = getelementptr [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %2, i64 0,
> i64 4
> %11 = getelementptr [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %2, i64 0,
> i64 3
> %12 = load i64, i64* inttoptr (i64 139896404414328 to i64*), align 8
> %13 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %11 to i64*
> store i64 %12, i64* %13, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896327403528 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %3, align 8
> %14 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %15 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %14, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %15, align 8
> %16 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %14 to double*
> store double %0, double* %16, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %14, %jl_value_t** %10, align 8
> %17 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_apply_generic(%jl_value_t** %3, i32 3)
> %18 = load i64, i64* %9, align 8
> store i64 %18, i64* %7, align 8
> ret %jl_value_t* %17
> }
>
> Top level not inlined but const k
>
> define double @"julia_#163_70169"(double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %2 = fmul double %0, 1.010000e+00
> ret double %2
> }
>
> It's clear from these results that the user would have to treat that
> values they enclose as a constant. This is a known performance issue due to
> global variables.
>
> So let's say I will be doing the enclosing on my end. The parameters ends
> up inside my function, and I am willing to wrap that into another function
> which holds all the parameters (can be necessary for calling some C
> libraries). However, I ran into issues finding any option which was
> performant. Here's my attempts:
>
> # Some helpers
> immutable ParameterHolder{uType<:Number}
> α::uType
> end
>
> function translator(f,α)
> Base.@propagate_inbounds g(u::Float64,t) = f(u::Float64,t,α)
> return g
> end
>
> function translator2(f,α)
> @inbounds g = (u::Float64,t) -> f(u::Float64,t,α)
> return g
> end
>
>
> # The "main" function the user will call
> function code_test()
> local u::Float64 = 1.0
> const pconst = ParameterHolder(1.01)
> p = ParameterHolder(1.01)
>
> f(u,t,p) = @inbounds return p.α*u
> println("Inside using ParameterHolder Constant")
> @code_llvm f(1.0,2.0,pconst)
> println("Inside using ParameterHolder")
> @code_llvm f(1.0,2.0,p)
> h(u,t,α) = α*u
> α = 1.01
> g = (u,t) -> h(u,t,α)
> println("Inside using closure with variable")
> @code_llvm g(u,2.0)
> const β = 1.01
> l = (u,t) -> h(u,t,β)
> println("Inside using closure with const variable")
> @code_llvm l(u,2.0)
> m = (u,t) -> k(u,t,β)
> println("Inside using outside function closure with variable")
> @code_llvm m(u,2.0)
> J = (u::Float64,t::Float64) -> k(u::Float64,t::Float64,α::Float64)
> println("Inside using outside function closure with variable")
> @code_llvm J(u,2.0)
> @inline J2(u::Float64,t::Float64) = k(u::Float64,t::Float64,1.01::
> Float64)
> println("Inside using closure inlined")
> @code_llvm J2(u::Float64,2.0)
> J3 = translator(k,1.01)
> println("Inside using translator")
> @code_llvm J3(u::Float64,2.0)
> println(J3(u,2.0))
> J4 = translator(g,1.01)
> println("Inside using translator of inside")
> @code_llvm J4(u::Float64,2.0)
> J5 = translator(k,1.01)
> println("Inside using translator 2")
> @code_llvm J5(u::Float64,2.0)
> println(J3(u,2.0))
> J6 = translator(g,1.01)
> println("Inside using translator 2 of inside")
> @code_llvm J6(u::Float64,2.0)
> end
> code_test()
>
> Let's walk through all of the results. If the user gave me the parameters
> in an immutable ParameterHolder, I can get functions like:
>
> Inside using ParameterHolder Constant
>
> define double @julia_f_70172(double, double, %ParameterHolder*) #0 {
> top:
> %3 = getelementptr inbounds %ParameterHolder, %ParameterHolder* %2, i64
> 0, i32 0
> %4 = load double, double* %3, align 8
> %5 = fmul double %4, %0
> ret double %5
> }
> Inside using ParameterHolder
>
> define double @julia_f_70172(double, double, %ParameterHolder*) #0 {
> top:
> %3 = getelementptr inbounds %ParameterHolder, %ParameterHolder* %2, i64
> 0, i32 0
> %4 = load double, double* %3, align 8
> %5 = fmul double %4, %0
> ret double %5
> }
>
> This has more steps than necessary, but is okay. The ways using a closure
> fair rather poorly. For some reason, even though u is type-stable, it
> compiles functions for jl_value_t's:
>
> Inside using closure
>
> define %jl_value_t* @"julia_#146_70175"(%jl_value_t*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %thread_ptr = call i8* asm "movq %fs:0, $0", "=r"() #2
> %ptls_i8 = getelementptr i8, i8* %thread_ptr, i64 -2672
> %ptls = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to %jl_value_t***
> %3 = alloca [10 x %jl_value_t*], align 8
> %.sub = getelementptr inbounds [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]*
> %3, i64 0, i64 0
> %4 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 2
> %5 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 8
> %6 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i8*
> call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %6, i8 0, i32 64, i32 8, i1 false)
> %7 = bitcast [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3 to i64*
> store i64 16, i64* %7, align 8
> %8 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 1
> %9 = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to i64*
> %10 = load i64, i64* %9, align 8
> %11 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %8 to i64*
> store i64 %10, i64* %11, align 8
> store %jl_value_t** %.sub, %jl_value_t*** %ptls, align 8
> %12 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 6
> %13 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 5
> %14 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 4
> %15 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 3
> %16 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 7
> %17 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 9
> %18 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %0, i64 1, i32 0
> %19 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %18 to i64*
> %20 = load i64, i64* %19, align 8
> %21 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %5 to i64*
> store i64 %20, i64* %21, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896320318056 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %17, align 8
> %22 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_f_getfield(%jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t**
> %5, i32 2)
> store %jl_value_t* %22, %jl_value_t** %4, align 8
> %23 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %0 to i64*
> %24 = load i64, i64* %23, align 8
> %25 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %12 to i64*
> store i64 %24, i64* %25, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896320318056 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %16, align 8
> %26 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_f_getfield(%jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t**
> %12, i32 2)
> store %jl_value_t* %26, %jl_value_t** %13, align 8
> %27 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %28 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %27, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %28, align 8
> %29 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %27 to double*
> store double %1, double* %29, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %27, %jl_value_t** %15, align 8
> %30 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %31 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %30, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %31, align 8
> %32 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %30 to double*
> store double %2, double* %32, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %30, %jl_value_t** %14, align 8
> %33 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_apply_generic(%jl_value_t** %4, i32 4)
> %34 = load i64, i64* %11, align 8
> store i64 %34, i64* %9, align 8
> ret %jl_value_t* %33
> }
> Inside using closure with variable
>
> define %jl_value_t* @"julia_#147_70177"(%jl_value_t*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %thread_ptr = call i8* asm "movq %fs:0, $0", "=r"() #2
> %ptls_i8 = getelementptr i8, i8* %thread_ptr, i64 -2672
> %ptls = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to %jl_value_t***
> %3 = alloca [10 x %jl_value_t*], align 8
> %.sub = getelementptr inbounds [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]*
> %3, i64 0, i64 0
> %4 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 2
> %5 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 8
> %6 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i8*
> call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %6, i8 0, i32 64, i32 8, i1 false)
> %7 = bitcast [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3 to i64*
> store i64 16, i64* %7, align 8
> %8 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 1
> %9 = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to i64*
> %10 = load i64, i64* %9, align 8
> %11 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %8 to i64*
> store i64 %10, i64* %11, align 8
> store %jl_value_t** %.sub, %jl_value_t*** %ptls, align 8
> %12 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 6
> %13 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 5
> %14 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 4
> %15 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 3
> %16 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 7
> %17 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 9
> %18 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %0 to i64*
> %19 = load i64, i64* %18, align 8
> %20 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %5 to i64*
> store i64 %19, i64* %20, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896320318056 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %17, align 8
> %21 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_f_getfield(%jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t**
> %5, i32 2)
> store %jl_value_t* %21, %jl_value_t** %4, align 8
> %22 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %0, i64 1, i32 0
> %23 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %22 to i64*
> %24 = load i64, i64* %23, align 8
> %25 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %12 to i64*
> store i64 %24, i64* %25, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896320318056 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %16, align 8
> %26 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_f_getfield(%jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t**
> %12, i32 2)
> store %jl_value_t* %26, %jl_value_t** %13, align 8
> %27 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %28 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %27, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %28, align 8
> %29 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %27 to double*
> store double %1, double* %29, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %27, %jl_value_t** %15, align 8
> %30 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %31 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %30, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %31, align 8
> %32 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %30 to double*
> store double %2, double* %32, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %30, %jl_value_t** %14, align 8
> %33 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_apply_generic(%jl_value_t** %4, i32 4)
> %34 = load i64, i64* %11, align 8
> store i64 %34, i64* %9, align 8
> ret %jl_value_t* %33
> }
> Inside using closure with const variable
>
> define %jl_value_t* @"julia_#148_70179"(%jl_value_t*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %thread_ptr = call i8* asm "movq %fs:0, $0", "=r"() #2
> %ptls_i8 = getelementptr i8, i8* %thread_ptr, i64 -2672
> %ptls = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to %jl_value_t***
> %3 = alloca [10 x %jl_value_t*], align 8
> %.sub = getelementptr inbounds [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]*
> %3, i64 0, i64 0
> %4 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 2
> %5 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 8
> %6 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i8*
> call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %6, i8 0, i32 64, i32 8, i1 false)
> %7 = bitcast [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3 to i64*
> store i64 16, i64* %7, align 8
> %8 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 1
> %9 = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to i64*
> %10 = load i64, i64* %9, align 8
> %11 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %8 to i64*
> store i64 %10, i64* %11, align 8
> store %jl_value_t** %.sub, %jl_value_t*** %ptls, align 8
> %12 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 6
> %13 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 5
> %14 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 4
> %15 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 3
> %16 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 7
> %17 = getelementptr [10 x %jl_value_t*], [10 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 9
> %18 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %0, i64 1, i32 0
> %19 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %18 to i64*
> %20 = load i64, i64* %19, align 8
> %21 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %5 to i64*
> store i64 %20, i64* %21, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896320318056 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %17, align 8
> %22 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_f_getfield(%jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t**
> %5, i32 2)
> store %jl_value_t* %22, %jl_value_t** %4, align 8
> %23 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %0 to i64*
> %24 = load i64, i64* %23, align 8
> %25 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %12 to i64*
> store i64 %24, i64* %25, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896320318056 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %16, align 8
> %26 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_f_getfield(%jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t**
> %12, i32 2)
> store %jl_value_t* %26, %jl_value_t** %13, align 8
> %27 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %28 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %27, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %28, align 8
> %29 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %27 to double*
> store double %1, double* %29, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %27, %jl_value_t** %15, align 8
> %30 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %31 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %30, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %31, align 8
> %32 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %30 to double*
> store double %2, double* %32, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %30, %jl_value_t** %14, align 8
> %33 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_apply_generic(%jl_value_t** %4, i32 4)
> %34 = load i64, i64* %11, align 8
> store i64 %34, i64* %9, align 8
> ret %jl_value_t* %33
> }
> Inside using outside function closure with variable
>
> define %jl_value_t* @"julia_#149_70181"(%jl_value_t*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %thread_ptr = call i8* asm "movq %fs:0, $0", "=r"() #2
> %ptls_i8 = getelementptr i8, i8* %thread_ptr, i64 -2672
> %ptls = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to %jl_value_t***
> %3 = alloca [7 x %jl_value_t*], align 8
> %.sub = getelementptr inbounds [7 x %jl_value_t*], [7 x %jl_value_t*]*
> %3, i64 0, i64 0
> %4 = getelementptr [7 x %jl_value_t*], [7 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 2
> %5 = getelementptr [7 x %jl_value_t*], [7 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 5
> %6 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i8*
> call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %6, i8 0, i32 40, i32 8, i1 false)
> %7 = bitcast [7 x %jl_value_t*]* %3 to i64*
> store i64 10, i64* %7, align 8
> %8 = getelementptr [7 x %jl_value_t*], [7 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 1
> %9 = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to i64*
> %10 = load i64, i64* %9, align 8
> %11 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %8 to i64*
> store i64 %10, i64* %11, align 8
> store %jl_value_t** %.sub, %jl_value_t*** %ptls, align 8
> %12 = getelementptr [7 x %jl_value_t*], [7 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 4
> %13 = getelementptr [7 x %jl_value_t*], [7 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 3
> %14 = getelementptr [7 x %jl_value_t*], [7 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 6
> %15 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %0 to i64*
> %16 = load i64, i64* %15, align 8
> %17 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %5 to i64*
> store i64 %16, i64* %17, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896320318056 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %14, align 8
> %18 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_f_getfield(%jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t**
> %5, i32 2)
> store %jl_value_t* %18, %jl_value_t** %13, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896327403528 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %4, align 8
> %19 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %20 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %19, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %20, align 8
> %21 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %19 to double*
> store double %1, double* %21, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %19, %jl_value_t** %12, align 8
> %22 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_apply_generic(%jl_value_t** %4, i32 3)
> %23 = load i64, i64* %11, align 8
> store i64 %23, i64* %9, align 8
> ret %jl_value_t* %22
> }
> Inside using outside function closure with variable
>
> define double @"julia_#150_70183"(%jl_value_t*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %thread_ptr = call i8* asm "movq %fs:0, $0", "=r"() #3
> %ptls_i8 = getelementptr i8, i8* %thread_ptr, i64 -2672
> %ptls = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to %jl_value_t***
> %3 = alloca [5 x %jl_value_t*], align 8
> %.sub = getelementptr inbounds [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]*
> %3, i64 0, i64 0
> %4 = getelementptr [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 3
> %5 = getelementptr [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 2
> %6 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i8*
> call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %6, i8 0, i32 16, i32 8, i1 false)
> %7 = bitcast [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %3 to i64*
> store i64 6, i64* %7, align 8
> %8 = getelementptr [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 1
> %9 = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to i64*
> %10 = load i64, i64* %9, align 8
> %11 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %8 to i64*
> store i64 %10, i64* %11, align 8
> store %jl_value_t** %.sub, %jl_value_t*** %ptls, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t** %5, align 8
> %12 = getelementptr [5 x %jl_value_t*], [5 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 4
> %13 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %0 to i64*
> %14 = load i64, i64* %13, align 8
> %15 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i64*
> store i64 %14, i64* %15, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896320318056 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %12, align 8
> %16 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_f_getfield(%jl_value_t* null, %jl_value_t**
> %4, i32 2)
> store %jl_value_t* %16, %jl_value_t** %5, align 8
> %17 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %16, i64 -1, i32 0
> %18 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %17 to i64*
> %19 = load i64, i64* %18, align 8
> %20 = and i64 %19, -16
> %21 = inttoptr i64 %20 to %jl_value_t*
> %22 = icmp eq %jl_value_t* %21, inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to
> %jl_value_t*)
> br i1 %22, label %pass, label %fail
>
> fail: ; preds = %top
> call void @jl_type_error_rt(i8* inttoptr (i64 116848560 to i8*), i8*
> inttoptr (i64 64818736 to i8*), %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392
> to %jl_value_t*), %jl_value_t* %16)
> unreachable
>
> pass: ; preds = %top
> %23 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %16 to double*
> %24 = load double, double* %23, align 16
> %25 = fmul double %24, %1
> %26 = load i64, i64* %11, align 8
> store i64 %26, i64* %9, align 8
> ret double %25
> }
>
>
> The only way to fix this is to manually inline the number as in J2:
>
> Inside using closure inlined
>
> define double @julia_J2_70185(double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %2 = fmul double %0, 1.010000e+00
> ret double %2
> }
>
> Note that even @inline failed to generate suitable code. What's
> interesting is that using the translator function tended to work okay. But
> the results show that this trick is only good for externally defined
> functions:
>
> Inside using translator
>
> define double @julia_g_70187(%"#g#143"*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"#g#143", %"#g#143"* %0, i64 0, i32 1
> %4 = load double, double* %3, align 8
> %5 = fmul double %4, %1
> ret double %5
> }
> 1.01
> Inside using translator of inside
>
> define %jl_value_t* @julia_g_70316(%jl_value_t*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %thread_ptr = call i8* asm "movq %fs:0, $0", "=r"() #2
> %ptls_i8 = getelementptr i8, i8* %thread_ptr, i64 -2672
> %ptls = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to %jl_value_t***
> %3 = alloca [6 x %jl_value_t*], align 8
> %.sub = getelementptr inbounds [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]*
> %3, i64 0, i64 0
> %4 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 2
> %5 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i8*
> call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %5, i8 0, i32 32, i32 8, i1 false)
> %6 = bitcast [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3 to i64*
> store i64 8, i64* %6, align 8
> %7 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 1
> %8 = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to i64*
> %9 = load i64, i64* %8, align 8
> %10 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %7 to i64*
> store i64 %9, i64* %10, align 8
> store %jl_value_t** %.sub, %jl_value_t*** %ptls, align 8
> %11 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 5
> %12 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 4
> %13 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 3
> %14 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %0 to i64*
> %15 = load i64, i64* %14, align 8
> %16 = getelementptr %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %0, i64 1
> %17 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %16 to i64*
> %18 = load i64, i64* %17, align 8
> %19 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i64*
> store i64 %15, i64* %19, align 8
> %20 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %21 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %20, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %21, align 8
> %22 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %20 to double*
> store double %1, double* %22, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %20, %jl_value_t** %13, align 8
> %23 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %24 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %23, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %24, align 8
> %25 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %23 to double*
> store double %2, double* %25, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %23, %jl_value_t** %12, align 8
> %26 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %27 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %26, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %27, align 8
> %28 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %26 to i64*
> store i64 %18, i64* %28, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %26, %jl_value_t** %11, align 8
> %29 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_apply_generic(%jl_value_t** %4, i32 4)
> %30 = load i64, i64* %10, align 8
> store i64 %30, i64* %8, align 8
> ret %jl_value_t* %29
> }
> Inside using translator 2
>
> define double @julia_g_70187(%"#g#143"*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %3 = getelementptr inbounds %"#g#143", %"#g#143"* %0, i64 0, i32 1
> %4 = load double, double* %3, align 8
> %5 = fmul double %4, %1
> ret double %5
> }
> 1.01
> Inside using translator 2 of inside
>
> define %jl_value_t* @julia_g_70316(%jl_value_t*, double, double) #0 {
> top:
> %thread_ptr = call i8* asm "movq %fs:0, $0", "=r"() #2
> %ptls_i8 = getelementptr i8, i8* %thread_ptr, i64 -2672
> %ptls = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to %jl_value_t***
> %3 = alloca [6 x %jl_value_t*], align 8
> %.sub = getelementptr inbounds [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]*
> %3, i64 0, i64 0
> %4 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 2
> %5 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i8*
> call void @llvm.memset.p0i8.i32(i8* %5, i8 0, i32 32, i32 8, i1 false)
> %6 = bitcast [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3 to i64*
> store i64 8, i64* %6, align 8
> %7 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 1
> %8 = bitcast i8* %ptls_i8 to i64*
> %9 = load i64, i64* %8, align 8
> %10 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %7 to i64*
> store i64 %9, i64* %10, align 8
> store %jl_value_t** %.sub, %jl_value_t*** %ptls, align 8
> %11 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 5
> %12 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 4
> %13 = getelementptr [6 x %jl_value_t*], [6 x %jl_value_t*]* %3, i64 0,
> i64 3
> %14 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %0 to i64*
> %15 = load i64, i64* %14, align 8
> %16 = getelementptr %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %0, i64 1
> %17 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %16 to i64*
> %18 = load i64, i64* %17, align 8
> %19 = bitcast %jl_value_t** %4 to i64*
> store i64 %15, i64* %19, align 8
> %20 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %21 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %20, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %21, align 8
> %22 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %20 to double*
> store double %1, double* %22, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %20, %jl_value_t** %13, align 8
> %23 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %24 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %23, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %24, align 8
> %25 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %23 to double*
> store double %2, double* %25, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %23, %jl_value_t** %12, align 8
> %26 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_gc_pool_alloc(i8* %ptls_i8, i32 1432, i32 16)
> %27 = getelementptr inbounds %jl_value_t, %jl_value_t* %26, i64 -1, i32 0
> store %jl_value_t* inttoptr (i64 139896322417392 to %jl_value_t*),
> %jl_value_t** %27, align 8
> %28 = bitcast %jl_value_t* %26 to i64*
> store i64 %18, i64* %28, align 8
> store %jl_value_t* %26, %jl_value_t** %11, align 8
> %29 = call %jl_value_t* @jl_apply_generic(%jl_value_t** %4, i32 4)
> %30 = load i64, i64* %10, align 8
> store i64 %30, i64* %8, align 8
> ret %jl_value_t* %29
> }
>
>
>
>
>
>
> So in the end, I couldn't find a way within a function to enclose the
> parameter α and compile a function which actually treats α as a constant
> and optimizes it all the way. However, the ParameterHolder and translator
> results are getting pretty close, but I can't seem to get rid of the bounds
> checking.
>
> Does anyone else have a better solution? Or is this supposed to "act
> nicer" by default?
>
--
Erik Schnetter <schnet...@gmail.com>
http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/personal/eschnetter/
