I think, we have a problem here, that needs to be solved on multiple
issues.

* there's throttling hitting in to avoid a dGPU reach its fall-off limit
which is 76° (T580, i7-8550u, MX150). The only possible way to stay
below this thermal limit is to power down the CPU massively, which leads
to =>

* the dGPU isn't throttling down itself enough. In tests (glxsphere) my 
findings are:
dGPU runs at about 1600-1700Mhz, not going down further. I guess this is a 
result of the gpu itself has a thermal limit of around 95° and gpu's own 
throttling will kick in much later than 76°, making the gpu not helping in 
cooling down with slowing down more.
I wasn't able to get a reading of the power consumed by gpu, nvidia-smi does 
not offer these (nvidia-396). Thus leading to =>

* There's an imbalance between gpu's and cpu's abilities to thermal
adapt. As gpu isn't able to, cpu is and does which leads to =>

a) a system running on brakes to manage heat, for to stay below a poosible gpu 
fall-off (full gpu power and frequency stable along time with cpu going down to 
only 3-5W 
or 
b) a system running at the possible performance with using the cpu's full 
potential, but only being able to use ⅓ of dGPU's capacities 

Conclusion from my perspective:
There's a need to balance :-)

* there's a need to have influence on gpu's abilities to throttle earlier (=> 
nvidia)
* Lenovo-fix being enhanced to provide some kind of profiles, which are 
dynamically providing usecase profiles (easiest way to test is: set temp in 
Lenovo-fix to max 75°. As both, cpu & dGPU producing heat and 76° is fall-off, 
staying below that keeps system from throttling.)

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1763144

Title:
  Significantly lower power and thermal limits on ThinkPad T480s (and
  probably others) than on Windows

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  A ThinkPad T480s under windows has a power limit of 44W, both short
  and long term, with a thermal maximum of about 93C or so. Under Linux,
  the power limits are 44W and 15W (short) or so, and the thermal limit
  is 80C, causing a significant performance loss.

  Looking at MSR and MCHBAR values, we can see that the values are
  correctly at 44W in the MSR, but the MCHBAR is set to a lower value:

  $ sudo rdmsr -a 0x610
  42816000dd8160
  42816000dd8160
  42816000dd8160
  42816000dd8160
  42816000dd8160
  42816000dd8160
  42816000dd8160
  42816000dd8160
  $ sudo /home/jak/Downloads/iotools-1.5/iotools mmio_read64 0xfed159a0
  0x0042816000dd8078

  
  Setting the MCHBAR to the same value as the MSR register solves the problem. 
At some point intel-rapl seems to reduce overall frequency to 600 MHz, though.

  The thermal limit is configured in MSR register 0x1a2; rdmsr -f 29:24
  -d 0x1a2 returns 20. Setting those bits to 7 increases it, resulting
  in performance comparative to Windows.

  Most of the analysis is based on the analysis in

  https://www.reddit.com/r/thinkpad/comments/870u0a/t480s_linux_throttling_bug/

  This applies to all bionic kernels I have tested so far, including

  Ubuntu 4.15.0-13.14-generic 4.15.10
  --- 
  ApportVersion: 2.20.9-0ubuntu4
  Architecture: amd64
  AudioDevicesInUse:
   USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
   /dev/snd/pcmC2D0p:   jak        5881 F...m pulseaudio
   /dev/snd/controlC2:  jak        5881 F.... pulseaudio
   /dev/snd/controlC1:  jak        5881 F.... pulseaudio
   /dev/snd/controlC0:  jak        5881 F.... pulseaudio
  CurrentDesktop: GNOME
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 18.04
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2018-03-14 (28 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS "Bionic Beaver" - Alpha amd64 (20180313)
  MachineType: LENOVO 20L8S02D00
  Package: linux (not installed)
  ProcFB: 0 inteldrmfb
  ProcKernelCmdLine: root=/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root ro rootflags=subvol=@ 
quiet splash vt.handoff=1
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.15.0-13.14-generic 4.15.10
  RelatedPackageVersions:
   linux-restricted-modules-4.15.0-13-generic N/A
   linux-backports-modules-4.15.0-13-generic  N/A
   linux-firmware                             1.173
  Tags:  bionic
  Uname: Linux 4.15.0-13-generic x86_64
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
  UserGroups: adm cdrom dip kvm lpadmin lxd plugdev sambashare sudo
  _MarkForUpload: True
  dmi.bios.date: 01/22/2018
  dmi.bios.vendor: LENOVO
  dmi.bios.version: N22ET31W (1.08 )
  dmi.board.asset.tag: Not Available
  dmi.board.name: 20L8S02D00
  dmi.board.vendor: LENOVO
  dmi.board.version: Not Defined
  dmi.chassis.asset.tag: No Asset Information
  dmi.chassis.type: 10
  dmi.chassis.vendor: LENOVO
  dmi.chassis.version: None
  dmi.modalias: 
dmi:bvnLENOVO:bvrN22ET31W(1.08):bd01/22/2018:svnLENOVO:pn20L8S02D00:pvrThinkPadT480s:rvnLENOVO:rn20L8S02D00:rvrNotDefined:cvnLENOVO:ct10:cvrNone:
  dmi.product.family: ThinkPad T480s
  dmi.product.name: 20L8S02D00
  dmi.product.version: ThinkPad T480s
  dmi.sys.vendor: LENOVO

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