If we find a problem in Ubuntu that has not already been fixed in the
latest upstream kernel then we'll try to fix it ourselves and send the
patch upstream. But most of the time we backport already existing
upstream fixes to affected Ubuntu kernels.

The process of finding the fix for a specific problem is:
1) Find the first kernel version that works (good kernel).
2) Look at the changes between the previous (bad) and the good kernel.
3) If nothing jumps out that might indicate which commit fixed the problem: git 
bisect to narrow it further down.

But typically, if a user reports that a specific problem has been fixed
with a kernel update then that's good enough for us even without knowing
exactly which specific commit fixed it. Sometimes there are a lot of
upstream changes that we pull into an update.

It's the distros responsibilities to keep their kernels up-to-date and
every distro does it differently. Ubuntu updates kernels every 3 weeks
(roughly): https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates

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Packages, which is subscribed to linux in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1891768

Title:
  hfs+ filesystems fail reading / writing large files

Status in linux package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  I noticed a problem reading hfs+ partitions on a USB flash drive after
  I installed Ubuntu 20.04 on two laptop machines. I have a Mini Mac
  that I share files via an USB flash drive formatted with hfs+ from the
  laptops with Ubuntu installed. I had no issues with Ubuntu Mate 18.10.

  I noticed that very large files, typicality larger than 100 MB, would
  have read errors or sometimes have a zero file size. One particular
  file about 500MB fails nearly every time. Other files, down to about
  100MB fail sometimes.

  I bought a new USB flash drive, but have the same failures on that.
  I have an identical flash drive formatted with ext4 which has no issues. I'm 
currently booting to Ubuntu Mate 18.10 to write the hfs+ USB flash drive.

  
  1007 ceres ~ cat /proc/version_signature
  Ubuntu 5.4.0-42.46-generic 5.4.44

  1000 ceres ~ lsb_release -rd
  Description:  Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
  Release:      20.04

  1005 admin@ceres ~ sudo lspci -vnvn > lspci-vnvn.log
  pcilib: sysfs_read_vpd: read failed: Input/output error
  pcilib: sysfs_read_vpd: read failed: Input/output error
  --- 
  ProblemType: Bug
  ApportVersion: 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.6
  Architecture: amd64
  AudioDevicesInUse:
   USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
   /dev/snd/controlC0:  uschcld    1581 F.... pulseaudio
  CasperMD5CheckResult: skip
  CurrentDesktop: MATE
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 20.04
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2020-05-17 (91 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS "Focal Fossa" - Release amd64 (20200423)
  Lsusb:
   Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
   Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0408:a030 Quanta Computer, Inc. HD WebCam
   Bus 001 Device 003: ID 04ca:3015 Lite-On Technology Corp. 
   Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:c06c Logitech, Inc. Optical Mouse
   Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
  MachineType: Acer Aspire E5-576
  Package: linux (not installed)
  ProcFB: 0 i915drmfb
  ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic 
root=UUID=75021464-0e3f-4ad2-a466-cf655a6c4dd7 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 5.4.0-42.46-generic 5.4.44
  RelatedPackageVersions:
   linux-restricted-modules-5.4.0-42-generic N/A
   linux-backports-modules-5.4.0-42-generic  N/A
   linux-firmware                            1.187.2
  Tags:  focal
  Uname: Linux 5.4.0-42-generic x86_64
  UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)
  UserGroups: adm cdrom dialout dip fax floppy plugdev tape video www-data
  _MarkForUpload: True
  dmi.bios.date: 09/06/2018
  dmi.bios.vendor: Insyde Corp.
  dmi.bios.version: V1.47
  dmi.board.asset.tag: Type2 - Board Asset Tag
  dmi.board.name: Ironman_SK
  dmi.board.vendor: KBL
  dmi.board.version: V1.47
  dmi.chassis.type: 10
  dmi.chassis.vendor: Chassis Manufacturer
  dmi.chassis.version: Chassis Version
  dmi.modalias: 
dmi:bvnInsydeCorp.:bvrV1.47:bd09/06/2018:svnAcer:pnAspireE5-576:pvrV1.47:rvnKBL:rnIronman_SK:rvrV1.47:cvnChassisManufacturer:ct10:cvrChassisVersion:
  dmi.product.family: Aspire E 15
  dmi.product.name: Aspire E5-576
  dmi.product.sku: 0000000000000000
  dmi.product.version: V1.47
  dmi.sys.vendor: Acer

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