Hello Simon,

On 05/15/2018 12:50 PM, Bhupesh Sharma wrote:
Hello Akashi,

On Thu, Apr 26, 2018 at 2:27 PM, Bhupesh Sharma <bhsha...@redhat.com> wrote:
This patch adds the support to supply 'kaslr-seed' to secondary kernel,
when we do a 'kexec warm reboot to another kernel' (although the
behaviour remains the same for the 'kdump' case as well) on arm64
platforms using the 'kexec_load' invocation method.

Lets consider the case where the primary kernel working on the arm64
platform supports kaslr (i.e 'CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE' was set to y and
we have a compliant EFI firmware which supports EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL and
hence can pass a non-zero (valid) seed to the primary kernel).

Now the primary kernel reads the 'kaslr-seed' and wipes it to 0 and
uses the seed value to randomize for e.g. the module base address
offset.

In the case of 'kexec_load' (or even kdump for brevity),
we rely on the user-space kexec-tools to pass an appropriate dtb to the
secondary kernel and since 'kaslr-seed' is wiped to 0 by the primary
kernel, the secondary will essentially work with *nokaslr* as
'kaslr-seed' is set to 0 when it is passed to the secondary kernel.

This can be true even in case the secondary kernel had
'CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE' and 'CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MODULE_REGION_FULL' set to
y.

This patch addresses this issue by first checking if the device tree
provided by the firmware to the kernel supports the 'kaslr-seed'
property and verifies that it is really wiped to 0. If this condition is
met, it fixes up the 'kaslr-seed' property by using the getrandom()
syscall to get a suitable random number.

I verified this patch on my Qualcomm arm64 board and here are some test
results:

1. Ensure that the primary kernel is boot'ed with 'kaslr-seed'
    dts property and it is really wiped to 0:

    [root@qualcomm-amberwing]# dtc -I dtb -O dts /sys/firmware/fdt | grep -A 10 
-i chosen
         chosen {
                 kaslr-seed = <0x0 0x0>;
                 ...
         }

2. Now issue 'kexec_load' to load the secondary kernel (let's assume
    that we are using the same kernel as the secondary kernel):
    # kexec -l /boot/vmlinuz-`uname -r` --initrd=/boot/initramfs-`uname
      -r`.img --reuse-cmdline -d

3. Issue 'kexec -e' to warm boot to the secondary:
    # kexec -e

4. Now after the secondary boots, confirm that the load address of the
    modules is randomized in every successive boot:

    [root@qualcomm-amberwing]# cat /proc/modules
    sunrpc 524288 1 - Live 0xffff0307db190000
    vfat 262144 1 - Live 0xffff0307db110000
    fat 262144 1 vfat, Live 0xffff0307db090000
    crc32_ce 262144 0 - Live 0xffff0307d8c70000
    ...

Signed-off-by: Bhupesh Sharma <bhsha...@redhat.com>
---
Changes since v1:
  - Addressed Akashi's comments regarding the goto label path.
  - v1 can be viewed here: https://marc.info/?l=kexec&m=152373724406110&w=2

Ping. Any comments on this v2?

Thanks,
Bhupesh

  kexec/arch/arm64/kexec-arm64.c | 138 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
  1 file changed, 100 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kexec/arch/arm64/kexec-arm64.c b/kexec/arch/arm64/kexec-arm64.c
index 62f37585b788..a206c172b1aa 100644
--- a/kexec/arch/arm64/kexec-arm64.c
+++ b/kexec/arch/arm64/kexec-arm64.c
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@
  #include <linux/elf-em.h>
  #include <elf.h>

+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <syscall.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+
  #include "kexec.h"
  #include "kexec-arm64.h"
  #include "crashdump.h"
@@ -392,11 +397,13 @@ static int fdt_setprop_range(void *fdt, int nodeoffset,
  static int setup_2nd_dtb(struct dtb *dtb, char *command_line, int on_crash)
  {
         uint32_t address_cells, size_cells;
-       int range_len;
-       int nodeoffset;
+       uint64_t fdt_val64;
+       uint64_t *prop;
         char *new_buf = NULL;
+       int len, range_len;
+       int nodeoffset;
         int new_size;
-       int result;
+       int result, kaslr_seed;

         result = fdt_check_header(dtb->buf);

@@ -407,47 +414,103 @@ static int setup_2nd_dtb(struct dtb *dtb, char 
*command_line, int on_crash)

         result = set_bootargs(dtb, command_line);

-       if (on_crash) {
-               /* determine #address-cells and #size-cells */
-               result = get_cells_size(dtb->buf, &address_cells, &size_cells);
-               if (result) {
-                       fprintf(stderr,
-                               "kexec: cannot determine cells-size.\n");
-                       result = -EINVAL;
-                       goto on_error;
-               }
+       /* determine #address-cells and #size-cells */
+       result = get_cells_size(dtb->buf, &address_cells, &size_cells);
+       if (result) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "kexec: cannot determine cells-size.\n");
+               result = -EINVAL;
+               goto on_error;
+       }

-               if (!cells_size_fitted(address_cells, size_cells,
-                                       &elfcorehdr_mem)) {
-                       fprintf(stderr,
-                               "kexec: elfcorehdr doesn't fit cells-size.\n");
+       if (!cells_size_fitted(address_cells, size_cells,
+                               &elfcorehdr_mem)) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "kexec: elfcorehdr doesn't fit cells-size.\n");
+               result = -EINVAL;
+               goto on_error;
+       }
+
+       if (!cells_size_fitted(address_cells, size_cells,
+                               &crash_reserved_mem)) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "kexec: usable memory range doesn't fit 
cells-size.\n");
+               result = -EINVAL;
+               goto on_error;
+       }
+
+       /* duplicate dt blob */
+       range_len = sizeof(uint32_t) * (address_cells + size_cells);
+       new_size = fdt_totalsize(dtb->buf)
+               + fdt_prop_len(PROP_ELFCOREHDR, range_len)
+               + fdt_prop_len(PROP_USABLE_MEM_RANGE, range_len);
+
+       new_buf = xmalloc(new_size);
+       result = fdt_open_into(dtb->buf, new_buf, new_size);
+       if (result) {
+               dbgprintf("%s: fdt_open_into failed: %s\n", __func__,
+                               fdt_strerror(result));
+               result = -ENOSPC;
+               goto on_error;
+       }
+
+       /* fixup 'kaslr-seed' with a random value, if supported */
+       nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset(new_buf, "/chosen");
+       prop = fdt_getprop_w(new_buf, nodeoffset,
+                       "kaslr-seed", &len);
+       if (!prop || len != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+               dbgprintf("%s: no kaslr-seed found\n",
+                               __func__);
+               /* for kexec warm reboot case, we don't need to fixup
+                * other dtb properties
+                */
+               if (!on_crash) {
+                       dump_reservemap(dtb);
+                       if (new_buf)
+                               free(new_buf);
+
+                       return result;
+               }
+       } else {
+               kaslr_seed = fdt64_to_cpu(*prop);
+
+               /* kaslr_seed must be wiped clean by primary
+                * kernel during boot
+                */
+               if (kaslr_seed != 0) {
+                       dbgprintf("%s: kaslr-seed is not wiped to 0.\n",
+                                       __func__);
                         result = -EINVAL;
                         goto on_error;
                 }

-               if (!cells_size_fitted(address_cells, size_cells,
-                                       &crash_reserved_mem)) {
-                       fprintf(stderr,
-                               "kexec: usable memory range doesn't fit 
cells-size.\n");
+               /*
+                * Invoke the getrandom system call with
+                * GRND_NONBLOCK, to make sure we
+                * have a valid random seed to pass to the
+                * secondary kernel.
+                */
+               result = syscall(SYS_getrandom, &fdt_val64,
+                               sizeof(fdt_val64),
+                               GRND_NONBLOCK);
+
+               if(result == -1) {
+                       dbgprintf("%s: Reading random bytes failed.\n",
+                                       __func__);
                         result = -EINVAL;
                         goto on_error;
                 }

-               /* duplicate dt blob */
-               range_len = sizeof(uint32_t) * (address_cells + size_cells);
-               new_size = fdt_totalsize(dtb->buf)
-                       + fdt_prop_len(PROP_ELFCOREHDR, range_len)
-                       + fdt_prop_len(PROP_USABLE_MEM_RANGE, range_len);
-
-               new_buf = xmalloc(new_size);
-               result = fdt_open_into(dtb->buf, new_buf, new_size);
+               nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset(new_buf, "/chosen");
+               result = fdt_setprop_inplace(new_buf,
+                               nodeoffset, "kaslr-seed",
+                               &fdt_val64, sizeof(fdt_val64));
                 if (result) {
-                       dbgprintf("%s: fdt_open_into failed: %s\n", __func__,
-                               fdt_strerror(result));
-                       result = -ENOSPC;
+                       dbgprintf("%s: fdt_setprop failed: %s\n",
+                                       __func__, fdt_strerror(result));
+                       result = -EINVAL;
                         goto on_error;
                 }
+       }

+       if (on_crash) {
                 /* add linux,elfcorehdr */
                 nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset(new_buf, "/chosen");
                 result = fdt_setprop_range(new_buf, nodeoffset,
@@ -455,7 +518,7 @@ static int setup_2nd_dtb(struct dtb *dtb, char 
*command_line, int on_crash)
                                 address_cells, size_cells);
                 if (result) {
                         dbgprintf("%s: fdt_setprop failed: %s\n", __func__,
-                               fdt_strerror(result));
+                                       fdt_strerror(result));
                         result = -EINVAL;
                         goto on_error;
                 }
@@ -467,18 +530,17 @@ static int setup_2nd_dtb(struct dtb *dtb, char 
*command_line, int on_crash)
                                 address_cells, size_cells);
                 if (result) {
                         dbgprintf("%s: fdt_setprop failed: %s\n", __func__,
-                               fdt_strerror(result));
+                                       fdt_strerror(result));
                         result = -EINVAL;
                         goto on_error;
                 }
-
-               fdt_pack(new_buf);
-               dtb->buf = new_buf;
-               dtb->size = fdt_totalsize(new_buf);
         }

-       dump_reservemap(dtb);
+       fdt_pack(new_buf);
+       dtb->buf = new_buf;
+       dtb->size = fdt_totalsize(new_buf);

+       dump_reservemap(dtb);

         return result;

--
2.7.4


Ping. Seems we don't have comments on this v2 (since the last month or so).

Having the capability to pass an appropriate 'kaslr-seed' value to the secondary kernel is important for booting KASLR enabled secondary kernels - which is an important use case for kexec for distributions like Fedora.

Kindly consider applying this patch which has been properly tested on a couple of arm64 machines both for KASLR and non-KASLR boot cases.

Right now, I am forced to keep this patch locally and refer KASLR users on arm64 to my public github tree which has this patch committed on top of the upstream kexec-tools. I would prefer to route them to the upstream kexec-tools itself (rather than my github tree), once this patch is applied there.

Thanks for your help.

Regards,
Bhupesh

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