Memang untuk mengubah paradigma kesatuan ke paradigma baru yakni federalisme sangatlah
sulit hal ini mengingat paradigma yang pertama tersebut telah sedemikian berurat
berakar dalam lubuk sanubari kita utamanya para birokrasi dan elit politik. Ada
beberapa persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut. Pertama :
Kemapanan bangunan integrasi indonesia.Kalau hal ini belum terwujud, maka tidak
mustahil bahwa cita-cita untuk mengkikis habis kecenderungan disintegrasi melalui
federalisme akan gagal total. Karena dengan pola seperti ini kecenderungan
daerah-daerah (negara bagian)untuk memisahkan akan semakin besar. Kedua : Kesiapan SDM
di masing-masing daerah. Bagi wil Indonesia Timur kesiapan mengenai hal ini secara
empiris jelas kurang, mengingat kebijaksanaan orde baru melalui politik jawanisasi
telah menguburkan potensi SDM asli daerah, walaupun wil Indonesia timur dalam SDA-nya
sungguh amat potensial. Ketiga : kesiapan SDA. Hal ini dapat dilatekkan dalam konteks!
jawa, dimana SDA-nya sudah terkuras habis, karena industrialisasi dan bisnis
properti. Jawa hanya dapat mengandalkan sektor jasa dan SDA yang terkonsentrasi
disini. Keempat : budaya otonomi. Dalam kaitannya dengan hal ini kita masih sangat
asing terhadap budaya otonomi. Hal ini mengingat dalam kurun waktu setelah Indonesia
merdeka sampai dengan sekarang budaya otonomi tidak pernah terbina dengan baik, karena
sistem politik sentralistik dan otoritarian yang selalu dikedepankan. Budaya otonomi
sangat dilandasi oleh budaya politik yang berkembang di suatu negara. Almond pernah
mengemukakan bahwa budaya politik dapat dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu budaya politik,
kaula, parokial dan partisipan Kita bisa mendiskusikan hal ini lebih lanjut tentang
gagasan almond tersebut). Budaya otonomi sangat dipengaruhi budaya politik partisipan.
Dan oleh sebab itulah kriteria keempat ini yang harus mulai dikembangkan. Sehingga
kurun waktu yang relatif singkat tersebut tidak mungkin untuk dilakukan !
perubahan budaya dari kaula ke partisipan.
empat persyaratan inilah yang harus dipenuhi, kalau kita akan segera melakukan
perubahan paradigma kesatuan ke paradigma federalisme.
Sebenarnya UU No. 22 tahun 1999 memang sudah mengarah ke paradigma federalisme, dan
ini kalau dilaksanakan secara murni dan konsekuen, maka UU tersebut merupakan langkah
awal (batu pijakan) untuk menuju federalisme. Kita tunggu saja.
--
On Wed, 22 Dec 1999 19:18:35 Marto Blantik wrote:
>Negara federal atau otonomi penuh dilaksanakan akhir 2000 kata Gus Dur, kok
>cepat sekali yah. Para pemuja NKRI seperti TNI sama PDI-P pasti mumet nih.
>Pantesan saja TNI ngotot bikin 17 Kodam (kok enggak mikir ya duwitnya dari
>mana, negara sudah hancur-hancuran begini). Sistem federal selain untuk
>mencegah integrasi kayaknya juga manjur untuk mengendalikan TNI yang
>organisasinya menjangkau sampai pelosok desa. Romo Mangun pasti tersenyum di
>surga (?) sana karena idenya dengan cepat dapat direalisasi.
>
>MB
>
>http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/index-e.htm
>
>
>
>> Wahid gives insight into political strategy
>>
>> Yomiuri Shimbun
>>
>> The following is an excerpt from an interview with
>Indonesian President
>> Abdurrahman Wahid.
>>
>> Yomiuri Shimbun: Are you sticking to your plan to hold a
>referendum in
>> Aceh in June 2000?
>>
>> Wahid: The timing of the referendum will depend on which
>group I listen to
>> most. In Aceh, there are five different groups--the
>security forces, the
>> bureaucrats, the nongovernment organizations, the students
>and the religious
>> leaders. I am constantly talking with the students and the
>religious leaders
>> about the problem in Aceh.
>>
>> This is because the students have nearly won control in
>the cities, while rural
>> areas and villages are controlled by religious leaders. So
>I approached them
>> and they asked me to be patient. They also want me to
>agree to the
>> referendum. My decision is that I will listen to them.
>They said to me, well,
>> you have to do it (hold the referendum) within seven
>months. When that time
>> comes near, I will ask them again.
>>
>> Some army officers have advocated taking strong action
>against the
>> separatist movement.
>>
>> I think it should be clear that the security forces should
>listen to central
>> government. This is very important. If there are elements
>in the military or
>> security forces that accommodate or hold talks with the
>so-called rebels,
>> going against the policy of the government, then I will
>take action, regardless
>> of who commits that kind of provocation. In my timetable,
>the year 2000
>> will see the end of everything in Aceh.
>>
>> Could you elaborate on your idea of the federal political
>system?
>>
>> You know that federalism is a dirty word in our politics.
>People don't like
>> it--Mrs. Megawati, my vice president, for one. So on this
>matter, we have
>> to be very careful. But, of course, the idea of giving the
>people full
>> autonomy, which is not very different from the federal
>system, can be
>> accepted. So in essence we do what we don't talk about.
>(laughter)
>>
>> So is the federal system the solution to the separatist
>movement in
>> Indonesia?
>>
>> Yes, in essence. I think that because the Indonesian
>archipelago is so big
>> and that there are so many islands--certainly, if we want
>to enlarge the
>> number of provinces, we need a kind of federalistic
>state--in nature, but not
>> in word.
>>
>> You have said that according to your timetable, the Aceh
>problem will end
>> next year. Do you also want to implement the essence of
>federalism by the
>> end of next year?
>>
>> Yes, I would like to see Aceh become federalistic in
>nature and in system,
>> without calling it a federal state. For that to happen, I
>will try to take
>> advantage of the current situation as much as possible.
>>
>> What about other provinces, such as Irian Jaya? Will they
>be treated on an
>> equal footing with Aceh?
>>
>> Yes, it is my obligation to do that, because the law
>stipulates that I must
>> implement local autonomy within two years.
>>
>> Will you be making amendments to the Constitution?
>>
>> If necessary, yes. But we will not be changing the
>preamble. All parties have
>> essentially agreed on this point.
>>
>> On the issue of East Timor, the international community
>wants a full
>> investigation into the role of the military, and that a
>case be brought to the
>> International Court. What is your comment on this?
>>
>> We have to put a limit on the so-called international
>intervention concerning
>> domestic affairs. I have told Mr. Marzuki Darusman, our
>attorney general,
>> to investigate the case fully. So there is no need for the
>international
>> community to take up the investigation on its own
>interest.
>>
>> What are your views on the current economic situation in
>Indonesia?
>>
>> I think that it can wait until the Aceh problem is solved.
>>
>> You are currently talking about having your debts to Japan
>reduced.
>>
>> From what we understand, (this will prove) difficult to
>implement because of
>> domestic reasons there (in Japan).
>>
>> Japan will be hosting the G-7 summit in Okinawa next year.
>What are your
>> expectations?
>>
>> My understanding is that Mr. Obuchi has this in mind: That
>it would be
>> better for Asia to strengthen its appearance and its
>image, so that it is
>> regarded by others (other regions) as being equal in
>stature.
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>
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