Hi.  Here are a couple of substantive essays to chew on, while I'm away.
I find some problems with the 2nd one, but it's very thought-provoking.
Back at you next Tuesday.  UCLA's Book Fair this wknd. is incredibly
varied, top-level authors and speakers, and highly recommended. - Ed
I just read this comment on McTernan from lawyer friend Barry Fisher:

----- Original Message ----- 
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Ed- We should also remember John McTernan's brother, Frank. A radical
lawyer in Oakland, he was Charles Garry's partner in Huey Newton and many
other important cases. Race, labor, first amendment, and other cause issues
were the constant focus. I knew him as a founding attorney of the Sierra
Club
Legal Defense Fund and when I was looking to make a change he told me to
consider LA and to meet with his brother John. I did so and he sent me to
meet  one of the greatest of cause lawyers Sam Rosenwein, who was
connected to Stan Fleishman. I landed up working with both. Regretably,
Frank has not been mentioned in his brother's obits.  -Barry

Washington Post - April 13, 2005
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A48138-2005Apr12.html

Greetings from Mexistan

By Harold Meyerson

It may be just about the most inspiring sight imaginable: hundreds of
thousands of people gathered in the main square of some capital city,
demanding democratic self-rule. "They're doing it in many different
corners of the world," Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said last
week, "places as varied as Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan and, on the other
hand, Lebanon, and rumblings in other parts of the world as well. And so
this is a hopeful time."

It is a process in which the United States claims more than an
observer's role. The business of America, says President Bush, is
spreading democracy. "The leaders of governments with long habits of
control need to know: To serve your people, you must learn to trust
them," Bush said in his inaugural address this January. "Start on this
journey of progress and justice and America will walk at your side."

Unless, of course, you're Mexican.

Apparently, there are several kinds of capital city rallies. There are
those in Kiev, where multitudes turned out to protest the subversion of
a national election and the attempted murder of the opposition leader.
There are those in Beirut, where people gathered to protest the murder
of an opposition leader and to demand self-determination. These were
outpourings that our government encouraged.

And there was the one last Thursday in Mexico City, where 300,000
protesters filled the Zocalo, the great plaza in the middle of the city,
to show their outrage over the decision of their Chamber of Deputies to
keep that nation's opposition leader from running for president next
year.

The government had not murdered the opposition leader, Mexico City
Mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador; it merely proposed to imprison him -
and thereby disqualify him for the presidency -- because someone in his
city government disregarded a court order to stop construction of a short
access road leading to a hospital, over land that was acquired by Lopez
Obrador's predecessor but whose ownership was still in dispute.

For this the congressional deputies from Mexico's two conservative
parties -- President Vicente Fox's PAN and the PRI, which had governed
Mexico for six decades before Fox was elected in 2000 -- voted almost
unanimously last Thursday to strip Lopez Obrador of his official
immunity, with the clear goal of imprisoning him and knocking him out of
the 2006 presidential race. Not coincidentally, all polls show Lopez
Obrador -- standard-bearer of the left-leaning PRD -- to be the
front-runner in that contest.

And what was the response of our government? Did we invoke the
president's mighty line that leaders of government with long habits of
control must learn to trust their people? Did we tell the crowds
gathered in the Zocalo that America walks at their side?

Not quite. While Condi Rice waxes eloquent about our concern for
democratic rights in Central Asia and the Middle East, the most the Bush
administration has managed to say about democracy in the unimaginably
faraway land of Mexico has been the comment of a State Department
spokesman that this is an internal Mexican affair.

Democracy may be all well and good, but Lopez Obrador is just not Bush's
kind of guy. As mayor of Mexico City, he's increased public pensions to
the elderly and spent heavily on public works and the accompanying job
creation. He's criticized the North American Free Trade Agreement as a
boon for the corporate sector and a bust for Mexican workers. (As
economist Jeff Faux has documented, while productivity in Mexican
manufacturing rose 54 percent in the eight years after NAFTA's
enactment, real wages actually declined.) He's opposed to Fox's plan to
privatize Mexico's state-owned oil and gas industry -- a stance that
probably doesn't endear him to the Texas oilmen currently employed as
president and vice president of the United States.

Worse yet, Lopez Obrador's populist politics and smarts have made him
the most popular political leader in Mexico today. The much touted
"free-market" economics of President Fox have done nothing to improve
the lives of ordinary Mexicans. Lopez Obrador's victory in next year's
election would mark a decisive repudiation of that neo-liberal model.
Coming after the elections of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in Brazil,
Nestor Kirchner in Argentina and Hugo Chavez (repeatedly) in Venezuela,
it would be one more indication, a huge one, that Latin America has
rejected an economics of corporate autonomy, public austerity and no
worker rights.

So, democracy in Ukraine? We'll be there. Lebanon? Count on us.
Kyrgyzstan? With bells on. Mexico? Where's that? Maybe they should
move to Central Asia, change their name to Mexistan and promise to
privatize the oil. That's the kind of democracy the Bush guys really like.

Copyright 2005 The Washington Post Company

***

From: "Joseph Wanzala" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Sent: Sunday, April 17, 2005 3:09 PM
Subject: Re: The Ghandi Project


http://onlinejournal.com/Special_Reports/041504Chin/041504chin.html

Special Report

The Gandhi Project: Philanthropy or the pacification of Arab opposition?

By Larry Chin
Online Journal Contributing Editor

Download a .pdf file for printing.
Adobe Acrobat Reader required.
Click here to download a free copy.

April 15, 2005-Since his death in 1948, Mohandas K. (Mahatma) Gandhi
has been deified, and worshipped as the ultimate symbol of non-violent
resistance, peace and moral authority. Now the sanitized and mass-
marketed Gandhi image is being wielded again, in a new propaganda
campaign aimed at Palestinians, and anti-Israeli resistors throughout the
Middle East.

Bankrolled by the Skoll Foundation and the Global Catalyst Foundation,
the Gandhi Project seeks to bring "the message of nonviolent resistance,
peace and tolerance to Palestinian towns, villages and refugee camps."
The centerpiece of the project is the 1982 Richard Attenborough film
"Gandhi," dubbed in Arabic by Palestinian filmmaker Hanna Elias (of "The
Olive Harvest") and a team of Palestinians. The film has been screened
throughout the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and there are plans to
screen and distribute the film throughout the Arab world.

With missionary zeal, the project's organizers, which include mega-wealthy
American executives and high-tech venture capitalists, actors Ben Kingsley
(who played Gandhi in the film) and Richard Gere, are eager to encourage
Palestinians to use Gandhi's pacifistic satyagraha methods, and "open the
eyes of the oppressor." According to an AP report on opening of the project,
the founder and chairman of the Skoll Foundation, former eBay president
Jeffrey Skoll wants Palestinians to "see the Gandhi in themselves."

In spite of what appear to be pristine and altruistic objectives, and likely
good intentions, on the part of many involved with the project, a number of
questions must be asked. What is the message? Who benefits? Why now?

On the surface, the idea of Western elites funding a campaign that wields
Gandhi, urging Palestinians to "turn the other cheek," and the Arab/Islamic
world to behave more "Gandhi-like," immediately smacks of colonialism in
its most patronizing and unwelcome form. But even putting that aside, other
disturbing issues are raised.

The inherent assumption of the project's message, and the targeting of the
campaign, is that Palestinians and Arabs (not Israel or the United States)
are violent, and must refrain from violence and "terrorism." Other
underlying assumptions are equally insidious. They include the notions that
1) after generations, Palestinians have no clue how to go about their own
resistance, 2) Palestinians have not exhausted all forms of resistance
(including non-violent methods that have included classic forms of
satyagraha), 3) non-violence is the only effective and applicable method,
and 4) Gandhi was perfect, and his myth is universal truth. Palestinians are
expected to look upon the project as a "gift of hope" that brings a "lesson"
of peace.

The Gandhi Project (intentionally or innocently) serves as a convenient
weapon of Bush-Sharon "Road Map" planners-who are eager to
"de-radicalize" opposition, and neutralize dissent and resistance across the
Arab world throughout the Middle East, and across the "Grand Chessboard,"
and quietly accept the Bush-Sharon "Road Map" (and the non-viable
Palestinian state that comes with it).

Consider the project's timing. It comes on the heels of a questionable
election that ushered in Israel-US-annointed "moderate" Mahmoud Abbas, a
new Palestinian leader accommodating to the duplicitous new Bush-Sharon
posturing, an alleged Gaza pullout (that does not include a West Bank
pullout), the Rafik Harriri assassination, Condoleeza Rice provocations, and

expanding US-led pacification operations in Iraq, Iran, Syria, Lebanon,
Central Asia, the India-Pakistan corridor, etc.

At a press conference, actor Ben Kingsley revealed that the idea of an Arab
version of "Gandhi" came directly in response to a Palestinian initiative.
Abbas, an Oslo architect who has routinely chastised Palestinians for
violence, has lent "strong support" to the Gandhi Project and its pacifistic
anti-reaction/ "anti-terror" message.

Is this part of what Ali Abunimah (editor of the Electronic Intifada) calls
"mass Middle East hypnosis"-a "lapse into hypnosis and euphoria about a
non-existent 'window of opportunity' for peace'" in a "new season of
political manipulation and self-serving opportunism," spearheaded by the
ubiquitous "hard core of the international peace process industry-those
accustomed to living as parasites off other people's tragedies?"?

The line between "peace," and "anti-terrorism," remains fuzzy at best. In a
series of essays, compiled in the book From Oslo to Iraq and the Road Map,
the late Edward Said wrote about the ongoing "blame the Palestinians"
propaganda apparatus:

"The road map . . . is not about a plan for peace so much as a plan for
pacification: it is about putting an end to Palestine as a problem. Hence,
the repetition of the term "performance" in the document's wooden prose - in
other words, how the Palestinians are expected to behave, almost in a
social sense of the word. No violence, no protest, more democracy, better
leaders and institutions, all based on the notion that the underlying
problem
has been the ferocity of Palestinian resistance rather than the occupation
that has given rise to it.

"This is why I have been skeptical about discussion and meetings about
peace, which is a lovely word but in the present context simply means that
Palestinians will have to stop resisting Israeli control over their land."

"So deeply ingrained has this notion become that even the Palestinian
leadership has subscribed to it, with the result that as the intifada rolls
on, the average American hasn't the slightest inkling that there is a
narrative of Palestinian suffering and dispossession at least as old as
Israel itself. Meanwhile Arab leaders come running to Washington begging
for American protection without even understanding that three generations
of Americans have been brought up on Israeli propaganda to believe that
Arabs are lying terrorists with whom it is wrong to do business, much less
to protect."

Satyagraha, or Surrender?

Even if one can dismiss the "blame the violent Arabs" undercurrents, and
accept the Gandhi Project in the spirit with which it has been offered, are
Gandhian satyagraha tactics an appropriate response?

As Ali Abunimah (editor of Electronic Intifada) wrote in The Myth of Gandhi
and the Palestinian Reality:

"While one can admire Mohandas Gandhi's nonviolent principles, one can
hardly point to the Indian experience as a demonstration of their usefulness
in overthrowing a colonial regime. Indeed, Gandhi's concepts of satyagraha,
or soul power, and ahimsa, or nonviolent struggle, played an important role
during the Indian independence struggle, however the anti-colonial period in
India was also marked by extreme violence, both between the British and
Indians and between different Indian communal groups. Anti-colonial Indians
committed a wide variety of terrorist acts; the British government was
responsible for numerous massacres and other atrocities; and communal
violence before, during and after independence claimed the lives of millions
of people. One simply cannot argue that Indian independence was achieved
in a nonviolent context."

A powerful rhetorical counter to the satyagraha philosophy can be found in
the ideas of Malcolm X-specifically his legendary feud with Martin Luther
King, Jr., the "Gandhi of the 1960s." In a series of speeches, Malcolm X
said the following:

"King and his kind believe in turning the other cheek. Their freedom
fighters follow the rules laid down by the big bosses in Washington, DC,
the citadel of imperialism."

"I believe that it's right to be nonviolent with people who are nonviolent.
But you're dealing with an enemy who doesn't know what nonviolence is.
As far as I'm concerned, you're wasting your time."

"Never turn the other cheek until you see them turn the other cheek. Make
it a two-way street. Make it even-steven. If I'm going to be nonviolent,
then
let them be nonviolent. But as long as they're not nonviolent, don't you let
anybody tell you anything about nonviolence. No. Be intelligent."

One need not even go that far to wonder. Is satyagraha applicable to
Palestine, in the face of the unique nature of Israeli oppression? Is it
foolish, insulting, to think that Palestinians themselves do not already
utilize a multitude of non-violent protest and resistance strategies?

To again quote Abunimah (from "On violence and the Intifada"):

"No people in history, not Indians led by Gandhi, nor South Africans led
by Nelson Mandela, ever faced the kind of state violence that Palestinians
face without some of them resorting to armed resistance or desperate acts
of revenge. And yet today, even though killing is spiraling, and every
Palestinian is subject to the intrusive, daily terror of the occupation,
only a tiny number of Palestinians take part in counter-violence of any
kind, let alone attacks on civilians. Meanwhile, long before the suicide
bomb phenomenon appeared, there has been a long history of non-violent
activism by Palestinians defending their land and rights in the face of
Israeli violence, but sadly this has been ignored by many of the same
critics who now chide the Palestinians for not being more like Gandhi." [my
emphasis-LC]

What lessons have been learned in the past five brutal years of relentless
Anglo-Israeli tyranny? What forms of non-violent resistance have not already
been attempted?

Or, to again quote Edward Said, "Why should we passively accept the fate
of flies or mosquitoes, to be killed wantonly with American backing anytime
war criminal Sharon decides to wipe out a few more of us?"

Jonathan Cook, an International Herald Tribute journalist living in Israel,
covered the August 2004 Middle East tour by Gandhi's grandson, Arun
Gandhi of the MK Gandhi Institute for Non-Violence, which in many ways
set the stage for the Gandhi Project.

In a piece titled "Nonviolent protest offers little hope for Palestinians,"
Cook wrote, "But few Palestinians are likely to embrace peaceful protest as
a way of attaining statehood-not because Palestinians are hellbent on
mindless retribution against Israelis, but because nonviolence is unlikely
to be effective as a strategy."

"The sad truth is that over the last four years, in the second Intifada, the
Palestinians have learned that there is no necessary correlation between
the violence they inflict on Israelis and their own suffering at the hands
of
Israeli force. Despite the current lull in attacks on Israelis, Palestinian
deaths continue daily.

"Palestinians now understand that violence is the surest way to get their
struggle noticed. Bombing buses is immoral, but it makes front pages,
reminding the world that there is a conflict. When Palestinians are the
victims, the world switches off."

Later, Cook identifies a practical problem-citing examples of classic
Gandhian satyagraha tactics attempted in Palestine:

"Conversely, when Palestinians adopt peaceful strategies, the news media
can barely stifle their yawns. The current hunger strike by Palestinian
prisoners protesting the violation of their rights is a case in point. It
has utterly failed to ignite international interest, except briefly when the
Israeli authorities decided to sizzle kebabs inside cells."

"Equally, the dozens of mostly nonviolent protests in the West Bank against
the Israeli security wall rarely flicker on to the Western news media's
radar. And once the wall is completed, most avenues for peaceful resistance
to the occupation will be blocked for good. Neighbors cut off from each
other in a series of isolated cantons will be in no position to stage the
kind of mass demonstrations needed to bring about change."

Finally, Cook points to the element that is missing in most Palestine-
related peace activities (which, by extension, includes the Gandhi Project):

"The efficacy of nonviolence might look different to Palestinians, were they
receiving the steadfast support of leftist Israelis. But in reality it is
the Israelis, not the Palestinians, who are the missing peace partners.
Apart from a handful of radical peace groups, Israelis have rejected the
legitimacy of all forms of Palestinian resistance, whether peaceful or not.
What is required . . . is a little more anger and courage-from Israelis who
can see the folly of the occupation."

Indeed, shouldn't the efforts of activists, and the wave of foundation
resources behind the Gandhi Project, be focused not on programs that
"convert" Palestinians and followers of Islam, but aimed directly at the
masses in Israel and the United States-where there have been no
comprehension of, or interest in (much less resistance to) the open
criminality and brutality of their respective governments, even as the lies
of the "war on terrorism" and 9/11 are cemented into official policies and
the very fabric of societies?

Gentle Foundation-Funded Imperialism

It is a fact that anti-imperialist resistance and peace movements throughout
the world are infiltrated, co-opted and undermined by overt and covert
methods. Some of this destruction comes at the hands of philanthropic
organizations, foundations, human rights fronts (NGOs), and "progressive"
media and academia-intelligence fronts that are awash with money from
governments. According to former CIA operative Philip Agee, a typical
example of foundation-backed infiltration is in full swing right in
Venezuela, where aid groups and media fronts, led by USAID and the
National Endowment for Democracy (NED), are being used as part of a coup
against the Hugo Chavez government.

(Not surprisingly, the NED and the USAID are also deeply involved in
Palestine, the "peace process," and activities designed to support political
moderates, while "confronting violence and incitement.")

James Petras ("Imperialism and NGOs in Latin America," CovertAction
Quarterly, Fall 1998), noted how NGOs are used to "foster a new type of
cultural and economic colonialism and dependency," and are directly
responsible for "de-politicizing" and "de-radicalizing" whole areas of
social life, particularly in the Third World. And "where they have become
firmly established, radical social movements have declined"-"diverting
people from the class struggle into collaboration with their oppressors."

As tracked by researchers of Left gatekeeping (also Leftgatekeepers.com), a
diverse industry currently operates as an instrument of covert government
policy, disguised as progressive academia and media, "radical"
multi-culturalism, anti-war activism and do-gooder progressive capitalism.

What are we to make of the people behind the Gandhi Project? The board of
the Skoll Foundation consists of current and former Silicon Valley
executives, led by former eBay president Jeffrey Skoll. The Global Catalyst
Foundation has a similar profile, led by the energetic Kamran Elahian.

Among the long list of creative and fascinating social entrepreneur, social
activism, and grass-roots social welfare groups funded by the foundations,
two organizations on the Skoll Foundation's roster of grant recipients stand
out in stark contrast to the rest.

One is the Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, which is also
funded by the Ford Foundation (see "Ford Foundation and the CIA" by
James Petras), George Soros and his Open Society Institute, USAID and
the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. (Johns Hopkins also houses the Center for
Strategic and International Studies, home of Zbigniew Brzezinski and
others).

The other is the Aspen Institute, whose CEO is former CNN chief Walter
Isaacson, and whose board and honorary trustees have included
super-elites and former government officials such as Madeline Albright,
Henry Kissinger, Robert Mosbacher, Cyrus Vance, Bruce Babbitt, Maurice
Strong and Robert McNamara. Former FCC Chairman Michael Powell
currently serves as a senior fellow of the Aspen Institute Communications
and Society program. The Institute has been funded since its founding in
1950 by the likes of the Ford Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and
the Carnegie Corporation and others identified as intelligence fronts.

Is the support of these two direct connections to the New World Order's
inner circles reflective of the foundation's politics? Or is this a
"non-issue," that only the hopelessly cynical would bother to notice?

Even if one legitimately concludes that the Gandhi Project is not a
sponsored covert operation, it is one that can be easily co-opted, and
used like one.

Described by Frances Stonor Saunders in the book The Cultural Cold War,
infiltration and manipulation of broad segments of societies by intelligence
agencies produce "the most effective kind of propaganda" where "the subject
moves in the direction [governments] desire for reasons which he believes
to be his own."

Problems with the Gandhi Myth

Gandhi's legion of true believers, led by the MK Gandhi Institute for Non-
Violence, and legions of Western academics, have perpetuated the legacy
(or, the "myth," according to critics) of the perfect Gandhi-while criticism
of Gandhi has been systematically denounced as hateful revisionism.

Is the myth true to historical fact? Is the use of the "Gandhi" film that
epitomizes the myth, whose political message and historical accuracy have
always been open to controversy, problematic in and of itself?

In India and the Raj: 1919-1947; Glory, Shame and Bondage, Suniti Kumar
Ghosh offers a shockingly ugly portrayal. Ghosh's research presents an
unflattering picture of a brutal opportunist and manipulator, who despised
African blacks and lower-caste Indians and Untouchables-and that the
much-heralded satyagraha was a product of racism. Was Gandhi a tool or
agent of the British crown, who, despite his image as a liberator, aided in
the suppression and control of the Indian masses?

A few excerpts from this (unfortunately out of print) book:

"Satyagraha [was] an ideal weapon with which to emasculate the
anti-imperialist spirit of the people. Gandhi himself declared that his
satyagraha technique was intended to combat revolutionary violence. It
may be borne in mind that this prophet of non-violence, though violently
opposed to the use of violence by the people in the struggle against British
imperialism, actively supported, whether in South Africa, London or India,
the most violent wars launched by the British masters and, towards the
close of his life, was in favour of war between India and Pakistan and
approved of or suggested the march of troops into Junagadh, Kashmir and
Hyderabad."

"While in Africa for twenty-two years, he was full of eulogy for the British
colonialists and 'vied with Englishmen in loyalty to the throne': it was his
'love of truth' [that] was at the root of this loyalty."

"His continual references to God, to 'the inner voice' and to the religious
scriptures and epics, his claims that his steps were guided by God (that for
instance his fasts were undertaken at the call of God), his 'ashrams' and
his ascetic's robe swayed the Hindu masses powerfully in this land where
godmen flourish even today. His harking back to a mythical past, the Ram
Rajya, had an immense appeal to the backward-looking Hindus, especially
the peasantry enmeshed in feudal ties."

"Gandhi did his best to turn the gaze of the people backward, to revive the
obscurantist ideas and faiths of the past and to blunt the power of reason.
When it suited him, he talked of the ''sinfulness'' of foreign cloth or of
the
Bihar earthquake in 1934 as having been caused by the caste Hindus' sin
of untouchability. His ''moral" outpourings on modern civilization,
industry,
medicine, etc., had their appeal to the masses of the people in a colonial
and semi-feudal society, who groaning under the impact of a bastard
civilization felt yearnings for the supposed pristine glory of a vanished
age."

"Gandhi knew how credulous the masses were. 'If one makes a fuss of
eating and drinking and wears a langoti,' said Gandhi 'one can easily
acquire the title of Mahatma in this country.' Again he said: 'in our
country,
a Mahatma enjoys the right to do anything. He may commit murder, indulge
in acts of debauchery or whatever else he chooses he is always pardoned.
Who is there to question him?'"

"Systematic efforts were made by interested classes and persons to deify
Gandhi-not without his knowledge. During the Bardoli satyagraha of 1928,
which opposed the government's enhancement of land revenue 'affecting a
small but dominant landed class,' Vallabhbhai Patel and others including
Gandhi 'deliberately used a religious idiom in their speeches and
writings.'"

"Myths about Gandhi which have no semblance of truth were consciously
built up and propagated by his colleagues. Nehru deliberately falsified the
history of the anti-colonial struggles of the Indian people before Gandhi's
advent-struggles which were not diversionary ones like those in which
Nehru participated under the leadership of Gandhi."

"Gandhi of the popular imagination was not as he really was. He became
in the imagination of the oppressed and exploited, the simple and
unsophisticated masses a symbol of anti-imperialist, anti-feudal struggle
the very opposite of what he was. They created him in the image of an
ideal hero of their conception."

"British imperialism recognized him as the national leader. Like General
Smuts, many Viceroys including Willingdon regarded him as an asset. In
combating the militant forces of anti-colonial and anti-feudal struggle, the
British ruling classes counted on his help and he never failed them. As
Judith Brown wrote, 'Gandhi was impelled into or at least confirmed in a
national leadership role by the Government's attitude, its needs and fears,
as much as those of his followers or the compulsions of his own personality
. . . They [the British officials] angled for his help in the struggle
against violence and terrorism [my emphasis-LC]. From his days in South
Africa, Gandhi regularly maintained personal contact with the highest levels
of Government, even when no specific issue was at hand'"

"The other prop-a more important one-on which Gandhi's charisma
rested was the lavish support extended to him by the Indian big bourgeoisie.
The Indian business elite hailed him: his message of non-violence, his
satyagraha, his faith in the raj, his political aspirations, his abhorrence
of
class struggle, his 'change of heart' and 'trusteeship' theories, his
determination to preserve the social status quo, his 'constructive
programme' intended to thwart revolutionary action-all these and more
convinced them that in the troubled times ahead, he was their best friend."

"His outlook on industrialization never frightened them. Rather, they
expected that Gandhi's 'moral' outpourings on industry and modern
civilization would weave a spell on the masses, victims of cruel
exploitation who were yearning to escape from it. His ashram, all other
organizations of his, and all his political, social and moral campaigns were
financed by them."

"Edgar Snow was not wrong when he said: 'Nobody else in India could play
this dual role of saint for the masses and champion of big business, which
was the secret of Gandhi's power'"

"Gandhi's political decline started when it was realized by his close
associates as well as by his big bourgeois supporters that his calculations
about the 'Quit India' movement had gone awry. The British imperialists no
longer frosted him, though in 1945-47 they handled him carefully in order
not to antagonize him because of his influence on the Hindu masses. Nor
did his associates, his former 'yes-men', and big bourgeois patrons repose
in him the faith that they had before."

"Who conspired to kill him is shrouded in mystery. It seems that the center
of the 'terrible and widespread conspiracy,' as Gandhi called it days before
his assassination, was not Pune or some other distant place but quite close
to him, and he had apprehensions about it."

"Gandhi had served his purpose. His big bourgeois patrons, his Congress
colleagues and British imperialism had no more any use for him. In his
seventy-ninth year he passed away as a martyr with a halo around him and
with all criticism of both his political and personal life hushed."

G.B. Singh, author of Gandhi:Behind the Mask of Divinity, who claims to
have spent 20 years poring over Gandhi's documents, speeches and writings,
echoes the Ghosh account, and more. Singh believes that Gandhi's image is
a fabrication perpetuated by Western clergy and intellectuals, and Gandhi's
inner circle-and Gandhi himself. He charges that a huge propaganda factory
operates to this day. (See this interview with Singh, and his short essay,"
Would the real Gandhi please stand up?.")

Controversy even burns, to this day, regarding the assassination of Gandhi.
Gopal Godse, co-conspirator with his brother, assassin Nathuram Godse,
looks back at the murder of Gandhi without regret. He, and apparently many
others (considered to be "extremists"), insist that Gandhi helped destroy
India (see also Nationalism and the Gandhi Myth).

Gandhi's followers must address the historical details exposed by these
historians and critics. If there are problems with the historical facts
about Gandhi, what are the implications for peace activists, scholars, and
anti-occupation resistors, and the very foundation upon which they operate?

The Shortfalls and the Challenge

Supporters of the Gandhi Project, and the Gandhi example, might counter
that a cynical view of their "gift of hope," and any criticism of the
legendary
Gandhi, is counterproductive to peace-and that the project is not about
pacification or propaganda, but the encouragement of "more effective
resistance"; activities that that are lawful, more spiritually enlightened,
and able to "open the eyes of oppressors."

The question for the Gandhi crowd: How does one "open the eyes" of the
likes of George W. Bush, Ariel Sharon, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld,
John Bolton, and the legion of other butchers (who view all of humanity with
contempt and sadistic derision)? Is it na�ve to think those who have no
interest or incentive to "transform" will change (or stop laughing)?

One of the darlings of the Left, writer and activist, Arundhati Roy wrote:
"Gandhi's Salt March was not just political theatre. When, in a simple act
of defiance, thousands of Indians marched to the sea and made their own
salt, they broke the salt laws. It was a direct strike at the economic
underpinning of the British Empire. It was real." Perhaps.

But while a great number of creative methods of non-violent protest and
activism are essential, the point is that all forms of resistance must be
brought to bear-and the tactical wisdom and effectiveness of any method
can only be decided by the unique circumstances faced by the resistors.
What works in the United States, Britain or even Tel Aviv may not work in
the killing fields of Palestine and Iraq. What seems like a no-brainer to
American peace activists may, in fact, lead to ruin on the streets of
Ramallah, and the glorification of compliant victimization all over the
world.

There is no one philosophical answer, in spite of what the proponents of
the Gandhi method may proselytize.

The post-9/11 Peak Oil era is an unprecedented era. This is uncharted
territory for humankind-a new paradigm that demands painful
re-examinations of old ideas and past doctrine. In Roy's words, "we must
not allow non-violent resistance to atrophy into ineffectual, feel-good
political
theatre. It is a weapon that needs to be constantly honed and reimagined. It
cannot be allowed to become a mere spectacle, a photo opportunity for the
media."

This is not a time for backward-looking icon worship, or the
"de-radicalizing" of thought (or any program that overtly or covertly
encourages it), but for an extremely radical first step: clearly and
correctly identify the problem. There is a powerful alliance of
whistleblowers, activists, researchers, academics and ordinary citizens,
who have worked lifetimes, waiting for the masses to "get it."

So far, most Palestinians are not buying "Gandhi." "Even many of the 300
people who attended the movie's Arabic premiere were unconvinced,"
according to the Associated Press report. Said Dea Opahi, a 21-year old
Palestinian, "If we stopped resisting Israel, it would probably confiscate
all
the land left to us."

Despite their exhaustion after years of resistance, most Palestinians "have
no intention of abandoning their fight for an independent state."

  The views expressed herein are the writers' own and do not necessarily
reflect those of Online Journal.
   Email [EMAIL PROTECTED]
  Copyright � 1998-2005 Online JournalT. All rights reserved.







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