The *Zip drive* is a removable floppy disk storage system that was 
introduced by Iomega in late 1994. Considered medium-to-high-capacity at 
the time of its release, Zip disks were originally launched with capacities 
of 100 MB, then 250 MB, and finally 750 MB.

Parallel port external Zip drives are actually SCSI drives with an 
integrated Parallel-to-SCSI controller, meaning a true SCSI bus 
implementation but without the electrical buffering circuits necessary for 
connecting other external devices. Early Zip 100 drives use an AIC 7110 
SCSI controller and later parallel drives (Zip Plus and Zip 250) used what 
was known as Iomega MatchMaker.[6][7] The drives are identified by the 
operating system as "IMG VP0" and "IMG VP1" respectively.
Cannot Format 100 Mb Zip Disk With 250 Drive

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Early external SCSI-based Zip drives were packaged with an included SCSI 
adapter known as Zip Zoom. The Zip Zoom is a relabeled ISA Adaptec SCSI 
host controller. Also, originally sold separately was a PCMCIA-to-SCSI 
adapter for laptop compatibility, also a relabeled Adaptec.

Zip disks must be used in a drive with at least the same capacity ability. 
Higher-capacity drives can read lower-capacity media. The 250 MB drive 
writes much more slowly to 100 MB disks than the 100 MB drive, and the 
Iomega software is unable to perform a "long" (thorough) format on a 100 MB 
disk (They can be formatted in any version of Windows as normal; the 
advantage of the Iomega software is that the long format can format the 100 
MB disks with a slightly higher capacity. 250 MB disks format to the same 
size either way). The 750 MB drive has read-only support for 100 MB 
disks.[9]

The retroreflective spot differs between the 100 MB disk and the 250 MB 
such that if the larger disk is inserted in a smaller-capacity drive, the 
disk is immediately ejected again without any attempt being made to access 
the disk. The 750 MB disk has no reflective spot.[*citation needed*]

Zip drives are still used today by retro-computing enthusiasts as a means 
to transfer large amounts (compared to the retro hardware) of data between 
modern and older computer systems. The Commodore-Amiga, Atari ST, Apple II, 
and "old world" Macintosh communities often use drives with the SCSI 
interface prevalent on those platforms. They have also found a small niche 
in the music production community, as SCSI-compatible Zip drives can be 
used with vintage samplers and keyboards of the 1990s.[*citation needed*]

Iomega also produced a line of internal and external recordable CD drives 
under the Zip brand in the late 1990s, called the *ZipCD* 650. It used 
regular CD-R media and had no format relation to the magnetic Zip drive. 
The external models were installed in a Zip-drive-style case, and used 
standard USB 1.1 connections.

250 MB ZIP drive are not fully compatible with 100 MB cartridge. You cannot 
do a full format. If the cartridge is protected, you need IomegaWare 
software to access it. Without it Windows XP may not recognize the 
cartridge.
If one works in a ZIP 100 drive and it is not protected, it can be a drive 
head problem. I would recommend to test the drive with a 250 MB cartridge, 
formatting, writing and reading file on it to see if the drive is working. 
The internal is very fragile, especially the heads so I do not recommended 
to clean them.

250 MB ZIP drive are not fully compatible with 100 MB cartridge. You cannot 
do a full format. If the disk is protected, you need the Iomega Tools 
software to access it. Without it Windows XP may not recognize it.
If the cartridge works in a ZIP 100 drive and it is not protected, it can 
be a drive head problem. I would recommend to test the drive with a 250 MB 
cartridge, formatting, writing and reading file on it to see if the drive 
is working. The internal is very fragile, especially the heads so I do not 
recommended to clean them.

Are you sure? I used zip drives loads back in the early 2000s and I used to 
use 100mb zip discs in my 250mb drive with no issues -- could format, read, 
write etc with no issues.
Used to use them in a 250 drive on my laptop and the 100mb drives that the 
university computers had to shuttle data around.
Never had to specially format the 100mb discs - they just worked fine in 
the 250mb drive.
The zip drive was an internal one on a dell inspiron 8100 so pretty sure it 
was ATAPI and the drives on the uni computers were ATAPI with a few USB 
ones too.

Sure and certain. You can do fast format, but not long format. And writing 
to a 100 MB cartridge in a 250 MB drive is slower than with a 100 MB drive, 
especially with small files. I have a collection of ZIP and JAZ drives. My 
ZIP drives are external parallel, SCSI, USB (USB powered and with external 
PSU) port and internal ATAPI.

I never said you have to specially format a 100 MB disc in a 250 MB for it 
to work. Long format is useful if you have a protected disc and you forgot 
the password. The only way to use it again is to do a long format. And for 
a 100 MB cartridge, this can only be done in a 100 MB drive.

That's because IomegaWare "long format" would be the equivalent of "low 
level format" on Harddrives with special manufacturing or PC3000-like tools.
This writes data to the SA cylinder in the ZIP disk and manipulates the GS 
lists.

Thanks for the information, that's interesting. I didn't know that. I 
always though a long format would just test sectors and fill them with 0 
and then create the disk structure. Compared to a fast format that would 
just rewrite the disc structure. For what I remember of the 80's, low level 
format was used for MFM media (HDD, floppies). Used at the time to restore 
bad sectors or to allow a disk to work with a new controller. If a long 
format in IomegaWare is a LLF it means a bad ZIP cartridge, like a bad 
floppy disk, can potentially be recovered that way. Unfortunately, I never 
was able to recover one. Maybe just bad luck ?

For what I remember of the 80's, low level format was used for MFM media 
(HDD, floppies). Used at the time to restore bad sectors or to allow a disk 
to work with a new controller. If a long format in IomegaWare is a LLF it 
means a bad ZIP cartridge, like a bad floppy disk, can potentially be 
recovered that way.

Yes and no. You can't do the same as with MFM LLF on Floppy and old stepper 
motor head driven HDDs, as ZIP heads are Voice Coil driven, thus the disk 
media is hard servo-tracked on factory time (you can't alter it with your 
home ZIP device). But certainly it does more than the OS formatting built 
in procedures... As I said, in the same level you can accomplish with 
manufacturer supplied tools and stuff like the AceLabs PC3000 on modern 
HDDs.

Unfortunately no. That's knowledge which doesn't get frequently out from 
private threads at HDDguru. And asides, SA hdd area manipulation is pretty 
limited without a proper hardware IDE/SATA/SCSI controller which allow you 
to unrestrictly peek and poke specially crafted commands and CBDs to the 
HDD. On last models, you also need combine that with drive's diagnostic 
console port access, sending commands to the console port while peeking n' 
poking data on the main drive interface.

Well yeah and the high cost proprietary tools. Tools for mechanicking on 
the drives can be specific to drive model, so probably need to do a half 
dozen repairs just to one model of HDD before you break even. A lot of it 
is jigs you could maybe 3D print though. Russian hobbyists seem to know a 
lot, but you're stuck with their varying commands of English or the 
hilarity of Google Translate. (Which might be decent on "proper" written 
stuff, but on slangy forum posts also full of jargon, ain't so hot.)
eebf2c3492

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