We want dax capable drivers to be able to publish a set of dax
operations [1]. However, we do not want to further abuse block_devices
to advertise these operations. Instead we will attach these operations
to a dax device and add a lookup mechanism to go from block device path
to a dax device. A dax capable driver like pmem or brd is responsible
for registering a dax device, alongside a block device, and then a dax
capable filesystem is responsible for retrieving the dax device by path
name if it wants to call dax_operations.

For now, we refactor the dax pseudo-fs to be a generic facility, rather
than an implementation detail, of the device-dax use case. Where a "dax
device" is just an inode + dax infrastructure, and "Device DAX" is a
mapping service layered on top of that base 'struct dax_device'.
"Filesystem DAX" is then a mapping service that layers a filesystem on
top of that same base device. Filesystem DAX is associated with a
block_device for now, but perhaps directly to a dax device in the
future, or for new pmem-only filesystems.

[1]: https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/1/19/880

Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <h...@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.willi...@intel.com>
---
 drivers/Makefile            |    2 
 drivers/dax/Kconfig         |   10 +
 drivers/dax/Makefile        |    5 +
 drivers/dax/dax.h           |   20 +--
 drivers/dax/device-dax.h    |   25 ++++
 drivers/dax/device.c        |  241 ++++++----------------------------
 drivers/dax/pmem.c          |    2 
 drivers/dax/super.c         |  303 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/dax.h         |    3 
 tools/testing/nvdimm/Kbuild |   10 +
 10 files changed, 404 insertions(+), 217 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 drivers/dax/device-dax.h
 rename drivers/dax/{dax.c => device.c} (77%)
 create mode 100644 drivers/dax/super.c

diff --git a/drivers/Makefile b/drivers/Makefile
index 2eced9afba53..0442e982cf35 100644
--- a/drivers/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/Makefile
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_PARPORT)         += parport/
 obj-$(CONFIG_NVM)              += lightnvm/
 obj-y                          += base/ block/ misc/ mfd/ nfc/
 obj-$(CONFIG_LIBNVDIMM)                += nvdimm/
-obj-$(CONFIG_DEV_DAX)          += dax/
+obj-$(CONFIG_DAX)              += dax/
 obj-$(CONFIG_DMA_SHARED_BUFFER) += dma-buf/
 obj-$(CONFIG_NUBUS)            += nubus/
 obj-y                          += macintosh/
diff --git a/drivers/dax/Kconfig b/drivers/dax/Kconfig
index 9e95bf94eb13..b7053eafd88e 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/dax/Kconfig
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
-menuconfig DEV_DAX
+menuconfig DAX
        tristate "DAX: direct access to differentiated memory"
+       select SRCU
        default m if NVDIMM_DAX
+
+if DAX
+
+config DEV_DAX
+       tristate "Device DAX: direct access mapping device"
        depends on TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
-       select SRCU
        help
          Support raw access to differentiated (persistence, bandwidth,
          latency...) memory via an mmap(2) capable character
@@ -11,7 +16,6 @@ menuconfig DEV_DAX
          baseline memory pool.  Mappings of a /dev/daxX.Y device impose
          restrictions that make the mapping behavior deterministic.
 
-if DEV_DAX
 
 config DEV_DAX_PMEM
        tristate "PMEM DAX: direct access to persistent memory"
diff --git a/drivers/dax/Makefile b/drivers/dax/Makefile
index 27c54e38478a..dc7422530462 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/Makefile
+++ b/drivers/dax/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-obj-$(CONFIG_DEV_DAX) += dax.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DAX) += dax.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_DEV_DAX) += device_dax.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DEV_DAX_PMEM) += dax_pmem.o
 
+dax-y := super.o
 dax_pmem-y := pmem.o
+device_dax-y := device.o
diff --git a/drivers/dax/dax.h b/drivers/dax/dax.h
index ea176d875d60..2472d9da96db 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/dax.h
+++ b/drivers/dax/dax.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright(c) 2016 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright(c) 2016 - 2017 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -12,14 +12,12 @@
  */
 #ifndef __DAX_H__
 #define __DAX_H__
-struct device;
-struct dev_dax;
-struct resource;
-struct dax_region;
-void dax_region_put(struct dax_region *dax_region);
-struct dax_region *alloc_dax_region(struct device *parent,
-               int region_id, struct resource *res, unsigned int align,
-               void *addr, unsigned long flags);
-struct dev_dax *devm_create_dev_dax(struct dax_region *dax_region,
-               struct resource *res, int count);
+struct dax_device;
+struct dax_device *alloc_dax(void *private);
+void put_dax(struct dax_device *dax_dev);
+bool dax_alive(struct dax_device *dax_dev);
+void kill_dax(struct dax_device *dax_dev);
+struct dax_device *inode_dax(struct inode *inode);
+struct inode *dax_inode(struct dax_device *dax_dev);
+void *dax_get_private(struct dax_device *dax_dev);
 #endif /* __DAX_H__ */
diff --git a/drivers/dax/device-dax.h b/drivers/dax/device-dax.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fdcd9769ffde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/dax/device-dax.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright(c) 2016 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ */
+#ifndef __DEVICE_DAX_H__
+#define __DEVICE_DAX_H__
+struct device;
+struct dev_dax;
+struct resource;
+struct dax_region;
+void dax_region_put(struct dax_region *dax_region);
+struct dax_region *alloc_dax_region(struct device *parent,
+               int region_id, struct resource *res, unsigned int align,
+               void *addr, unsigned long flags);
+struct dev_dax *devm_create_dev_dax(struct dax_region *dax_region,
+               struct resource *res, int count);
+#endif /* __DEVICE_DAX_H__ */
diff --git a/drivers/dax/dax.c b/drivers/dax/device.c
similarity index 77%
rename from drivers/dax/dax.c
rename to drivers/dax/device.c
index 376fdd353aea..19a42edbfa03 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/dax.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/device.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright(c) 2016 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright(c) 2016 - 2017 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
  * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -13,10 +13,7 @@
 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/device.h>
-#include <linux/magic.h>
-#include <linux/mount.h>
 #include <linux/pfn_t.h>
-#include <linux/hash.h>
 #include <linux/cdev.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/dax.h>
@@ -24,16 +21,7 @@
 #include <linux/mm.h>
 #include "dax.h"
 
-static dev_t dax_devt;
-DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(dax_srcu);
 static struct class *dax_class;
-static DEFINE_IDA(dax_minor_ida);
-static int nr_dax = CONFIG_NR_DEV_DAX;
-module_param(nr_dax, int, S_IRUGO);
-static struct vfsmount *dax_mnt;
-static struct kmem_cache *dax_cache __read_mostly;
-static struct super_block *dax_superblock __read_mostly;
-MODULE_PARM_DESC(nr_dax, "max number of device-dax instances");
 
 /**
  * struct dax_region - mapping infrastructure for dax devices
@@ -59,19 +47,16 @@ struct dax_region {
 /**
  * struct dev_dax - instance data for a subdivision of a dax region
  * @region - parent region
- * @dev - device backing the character device
- * @cdev - core chardev data
- * @alive - !alive + srcu grace period == no new mappings can be established
+ * @dax_dev - core dax functionality
+ * @dev - device core
  * @id - child id in the region
  * @num_resources - number of physical address extents in this device
  * @res - array of physical address ranges
  */
 struct dev_dax {
        struct dax_region *region;
-       struct inode *inode;
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev;
        struct device dev;
-       struct cdev cdev;
-       bool alive;
        int id;
        int num_resources;
        struct resource res[0];
@@ -144,117 +129,6 @@ static const struct attribute_group 
*dax_region_attribute_groups[] = {
        NULL,
 };
 
-static struct inode *dax_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
-{
-       return kmem_cache_alloc(dax_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
-}
-
-static void dax_i_callback(struct rcu_head *head)
-{
-       struct inode *inode = container_of(head, struct inode, i_rcu);
-
-       kmem_cache_free(dax_cache, inode);
-}
-
-static void dax_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
-{
-       call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, dax_i_callback);
-}
-
-static const struct super_operations dax_sops = {
-       .statfs = simple_statfs,
-       .alloc_inode = dax_alloc_inode,
-       .destroy_inode = dax_destroy_inode,
-       .drop_inode = generic_delete_inode,
-};
-
-static struct dentry *dax_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
-               int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data)
-{
-       return mount_pseudo(fs_type, "dax:", &dax_sops, NULL, DAXFS_MAGIC);
-}
-
-static struct file_system_type dax_type = {
-       .name = "dax",
-       .mount = dax_mount,
-       .kill_sb = kill_anon_super,
-};
-
-static int dax_test(struct inode *inode, void *data)
-{
-       return inode->i_cdev == data;
-}
-
-static int dax_set(struct inode *inode, void *data)
-{
-       inode->i_cdev = data;
-       return 0;
-}
-
-static struct inode *dax_inode_get(struct cdev *cdev, dev_t devt)
-{
-       struct inode *inode;
-
-       inode = iget5_locked(dax_superblock, hash_32(devt + DAXFS_MAGIC, 31),
-                       dax_test, dax_set, cdev);
-
-       if (!inode)
-               return NULL;
-
-       if (inode->i_state & I_NEW) {
-               inode->i_mode = S_IFCHR;
-               inode->i_flags = S_DAX;
-               inode->i_rdev = devt;
-               mapping_set_gfp_mask(&inode->i_data, GFP_USER);
-               unlock_new_inode(inode);
-       }
-       return inode;
-}
-
-static void init_once(void *inode)
-{
-       inode_init_once(inode);
-}
-
-static int dax_inode_init(void)
-{
-       int rc;
-
-       dax_cache = kmem_cache_create("dax_cache", sizeof(struct inode), 0,
-                       (SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT|
-                        SLAB_MEM_SPREAD|SLAB_ACCOUNT),
-                       init_once);
-       if (!dax_cache)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-
-       rc = register_filesystem(&dax_type);
-       if (rc)
-               goto err_register_fs;
-
-       dax_mnt = kern_mount(&dax_type);
-       if (IS_ERR(dax_mnt)) {
-               rc = PTR_ERR(dax_mnt);
-               goto err_mount;
-       }
-       dax_superblock = dax_mnt->mnt_sb;
-
-       return 0;
-
- err_mount:
-       unregister_filesystem(&dax_type);
- err_register_fs:
-       kmem_cache_destroy(dax_cache);
-
-       return rc;
-}
-
-static void dax_inode_exit(void)
-{
-       kern_unmount(dax_mnt);
-       unregister_filesystem(&dax_type);
-       kmem_cache_destroy(dax_cache);
-}
-
 static void dax_region_free(struct kref *kref)
 {
        struct dax_region *dax_region;
@@ -363,7 +237,7 @@ static int check_vma(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, struct 
vm_area_struct *vma,
        struct device *dev = &dev_dax->dev;
        unsigned long mask;
 
-       if (!dev_dax->alive)
+       if (!dax_alive(dev_dax->dax_dev))
                return -ENXIO;
 
        /* prevent private mappings from being established */
@@ -582,7 +456,7 @@ static int dev_dax_huge_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf,
                        ? "write" : "read",
                        vmf->vma->vm_start, vmf->vma->vm_end, pe_size);
 
-       id = srcu_read_lock(&dax_srcu);
+       id = dax_read_lock();
        switch (pe_size) {
        case PE_SIZE_PTE:
                rc = __dev_dax_pte_fault(dev_dax, vmf);
@@ -596,7 +470,7 @@ static int dev_dax_huge_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf,
        default:
                rc = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
        }
-       srcu_read_unlock(&dax_srcu, id);
+       dax_read_unlock(id);
 
        return rc;
 }
@@ -614,11 +488,17 @@ static const struct vm_operations_struct dax_vm_ops = {
 static int dax_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 {
        struct dev_dax *dev_dax = filp->private_data;
-       int rc;
+       int rc, id;
 
        dev_dbg(&dev_dax->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
 
+       /*
+        * We lock to check dax_dev liveness and will re-check at
+        * fault time.
+        */
+       id = dax_read_lock();
        rc = check_vma(dev_dax, vma, __func__);
+       dax_read_unlock(id);
        if (rc)
                return rc;
 
@@ -664,12 +544,13 @@ static unsigned long dax_get_unmapped_area(struct file 
*filp,
 
 static int dax_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
 {
-       struct dev_dax *dev_dax;
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev = inode_dax(inode);
+       struct inode *__dax_inode = dax_inode(dax_dev);
+       struct dev_dax *dev_dax = dax_get_private(dax_dev);
 
-       dev_dax = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct dev_dax, cdev);
        dev_dbg(&dev_dax->dev, "%s\n", __func__);
-       inode->i_mapping = dev_dax->inode->i_mapping;
-       inode->i_mapping->host = dev_dax->inode;
+       inode->i_mapping = __dax_inode->i_mapping;
+       inode->i_mapping->host = __dax_inode;
        filp->f_mapping = inode->i_mapping;
        filp->private_data = dev_dax;
        inode->i_flags = S_DAX;
@@ -698,36 +579,34 @@ static void dev_dax_release(struct device *dev)
 {
        struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
        struct dax_region *dax_region = dev_dax->region;
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev = dev_dax->dax_dev;
 
        ida_simple_remove(&dax_region->ida, dev_dax->id);
-       ida_simple_remove(&dax_minor_ida, MINOR(dev->devt));
        dax_region_put(dax_region);
-       iput(dev_dax->inode);
+       put_dax(dax_dev);
        kfree(dev_dax);
 }
 
 static void kill_dev_dax(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 {
-       /*
-        * Note, rcu is not protecting the liveness of dev_dax, rcu is
-        * ensuring that any fault handlers that might have seen
-        * dev_dax->alive == true, have completed.  Any fault handlers
-        * that start after synchronize_srcu() has started will abort
-        * upon seeing dev_dax->alive == false.
-        */
-       dev_dax->alive = false;
-       synchronize_srcu(&dax_srcu);
-       unmap_mapping_range(dev_dax->inode->i_mapping, 0, 0, 1);
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev = dev_dax->dax_dev;
+       struct inode *inode = dax_inode(dax_dev);
+
+       kill_dax(dax_dev);
+       unmap_mapping_range(inode->i_mapping, 0, 0, 1);
 }
 
 static void unregister_dev_dax(void *dev)
 {
        struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev = dev_dax->dax_dev;
+       struct inode *inode = dax_inode(dax_dev);
+       struct cdev *cdev = inode->i_cdev;
 
        dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
 
        kill_dev_dax(dev_dax);
-       cdev_device_del(&dev_dax->cdev, dev);
+       cdev_device_del(cdev, dev);
        put_device(dev);
 }
 
@@ -735,11 +614,12 @@ struct dev_dax *devm_create_dev_dax(struct dax_region 
*dax_region,
                struct resource *res, int count)
 {
        struct device *parent = dax_region->dev;
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev;
        struct dev_dax *dev_dax;
-       int rc = 0, minor, i;
+       struct inode *inode;
        struct device *dev;
        struct cdev *cdev;
-       dev_t dev_t;
+       int rc = 0, i;
 
        dev_dax = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev_dax) + sizeof(*res) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!dev_dax)
@@ -765,33 +645,25 @@ struct dev_dax *devm_create_dev_dax(struct dax_region 
*dax_region,
                goto err_id;
        }
 
-       minor = ida_simple_get(&dax_minor_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
-       if (minor < 0) {
-               rc = minor;
-               goto err_minor;
-       }
+       dax_dev = alloc_dax(dev_dax);
+       if (!dax_dev)
+               goto err_dax;
 
-       dev_t = MKDEV(MAJOR(dax_devt), minor);
+       /* from here on we're committed to teardown via dax_dev_release() */
        dev = &dev_dax->dev;
-       dev_dax->inode = dax_inode_get(&dev_dax->cdev, dev_t);
-       if (!dev_dax->inode) {
-               rc = -ENOMEM;
-               goto err_inode;
-       }
-
-       /* from here on we're committed to teardown via dev_dax_release() */
        device_initialize(dev);
 
-       cdev = &dev_dax->cdev;
+       inode = dax_inode(dax_dev);
+       cdev = inode->i_cdev;
        cdev_init(cdev, &dax_fops);
        cdev->owner = parent->driver->owner;
 
        dev_dax->num_resources = count;
-       dev_dax->alive = true;
+       dev_dax->dax_dev = dax_dev;
        dev_dax->region = dax_region;
        kref_get(&dax_region->kref);
 
-       dev->devt = dev_t;
+       dev->devt = inode->i_rdev;
        dev->class = dax_class;
        dev->parent = parent;
        dev->groups = dax_attribute_groups;
@@ -811,9 +683,7 @@ struct dev_dax *devm_create_dev_dax(struct dax_region 
*dax_region,
 
        return dev_dax;
 
- err_inode:
-       ida_simple_remove(&dax_minor_ida, minor);
- err_minor:
+ err_dax:
        ida_simple_remove(&dax_region->ida, dev_dax->id);
  err_id:
        kfree(dev_dax);
@@ -824,38 +694,13 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_create_dev_dax);
 
 static int __init dax_init(void)
 {
-       int rc;
-
-       rc = dax_inode_init();
-       if (rc)
-               return rc;
-
-       nr_dax = max(nr_dax, 256);
-       rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&dax_devt, 0, nr_dax, "dax");
-       if (rc)
-               goto err_chrdev;
-
        dax_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "dax");
-       if (IS_ERR(dax_class)) {
-               rc = PTR_ERR(dax_class);
-               goto err_class;
-       }
-
-       return 0;
-
- err_class:
-       unregister_chrdev_region(dax_devt, nr_dax);
- err_chrdev:
-       dax_inode_exit();
-       return rc;
+       return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(dax_class);
 }
 
 static void __exit dax_exit(void)
 {
        class_destroy(dax_class);
-       unregister_chrdev_region(dax_devt, nr_dax);
-       ida_destroy(&dax_minor_ida);
-       dax_inode_exit();
 }
 
 MODULE_AUTHOR("Intel Corporation");
diff --git a/drivers/dax/pmem.c b/drivers/dax/pmem.c
index 2c736fc4508b..d4ca19bd74eb 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/pmem.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/pmem.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include <linux/pfn_t.h>
 #include "../nvdimm/pfn.h"
 #include "../nvdimm/nd.h"
-#include "dax.h"
+#include "device-dax.h"
 
 struct dax_pmem {
        struct device *dev;
diff --git a/drivers/dax/super.c b/drivers/dax/super.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c9f85f1c086e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/dax/super.c
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright(c) 2017 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License for more details.
+ */
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+#include <linux/cdev.h>
+#include <linux/hash.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+static int nr_dax = CONFIG_NR_DEV_DAX;
+module_param(nr_dax, int, S_IRUGO);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(nr_dax, "max number of dax device instances");
+
+static dev_t dax_devt;
+DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(dax_srcu);
+static struct vfsmount *dax_mnt;
+static DEFINE_IDA(dax_minor_ida);
+static struct kmem_cache *dax_cache __read_mostly;
+static struct super_block *dax_superblock __read_mostly;
+
+int dax_read_lock(void)
+{
+       return srcu_read_lock(&dax_srcu);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dax_read_lock);
+
+void dax_read_unlock(int id)
+{
+       srcu_read_unlock(&dax_srcu, id);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dax_read_unlock);
+
+/**
+ * struct dax_device - anchor object for dax services
+ * @inode: core vfs
+ * @cdev: optional character interface for "device dax"
+ * @private: dax driver private data
+ * @alive: !alive + rcu grace period == no new operations / mappings
+ */
+struct dax_device {
+       struct inode inode;
+       struct cdev cdev;
+       void *private;
+       bool alive;
+};
+
+bool dax_alive(struct dax_device *dax_dev)
+{
+       lockdep_assert_held(&dax_srcu);
+       return dax_dev->alive;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dax_alive);
+
+/*
+ * Note, rcu is not protecting the liveness of dax_dev, rcu is ensuring
+ * that any fault handlers or operations that might have seen
+ * dax_alive(), have completed.  Any operations that start after
+ * synchronize_srcu() has run will abort upon seeing !dax_alive().
+ */
+void kill_dax(struct dax_device *dax_dev)
+{
+       if (!dax_dev)
+               return;
+
+       dax_dev->alive = false;
+       synchronize_srcu(&dax_srcu);
+       dax_dev->private = NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kill_dax);
+
+static struct inode *dax_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev;
+
+       dax_dev = kmem_cache_alloc(dax_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
+       return &dax_dev->inode;
+}
+
+static struct dax_device *to_dax_dev(struct inode *inode)
+{
+       return container_of(inode, struct dax_device, inode);
+}
+
+static void dax_i_callback(struct rcu_head *head)
+{
+       struct inode *inode = container_of(head, struct inode, i_rcu);
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev = to_dax_dev(inode);
+
+       ida_simple_remove(&dax_minor_ida, MINOR(inode->i_rdev));
+       kmem_cache_free(dax_cache, dax_dev);
+}
+
+static void dax_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev = to_dax_dev(inode);
+
+       WARN_ONCE(dax_dev->alive,
+                       "kill_dax() must be called before final iput()\n");
+       call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, dax_i_callback);
+}
+
+static const struct super_operations dax_sops = {
+       .statfs = simple_statfs,
+       .alloc_inode = dax_alloc_inode,
+       .destroy_inode = dax_destroy_inode,
+       .drop_inode = generic_delete_inode,
+};
+
+static struct dentry *dax_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
+               int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data)
+{
+       return mount_pseudo(fs_type, "dax:", &dax_sops, NULL, DAXFS_MAGIC);
+}
+
+static struct file_system_type dax_fs_type = {
+       .name = "dax",
+       .mount = dax_mount,
+       .kill_sb = kill_anon_super,
+};
+
+static int dax_test(struct inode *inode, void *data)
+{
+       dev_t devt = *(dev_t *) data;
+
+       return inode->i_rdev == devt;
+}
+
+static int dax_set(struct inode *inode, void *data)
+{
+       dev_t devt = *(dev_t *) data;
+
+       inode->i_rdev = devt;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static struct dax_device *dax_dev_get(dev_t devt)
+{
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev;
+       struct inode *inode;
+
+       inode = iget5_locked(dax_superblock, hash_32(devt + DAXFS_MAGIC, 31),
+                       dax_test, dax_set, &devt);
+
+       if (!inode)
+               return NULL;
+
+       dax_dev = to_dax_dev(inode);
+       if (inode->i_state & I_NEW) {
+               dax_dev->alive = true;
+               inode->i_cdev = &dax_dev->cdev;
+               inode->i_mode = S_IFCHR;
+               inode->i_flags = S_DAX;
+               mapping_set_gfp_mask(&inode->i_data, GFP_USER);
+               unlock_new_inode(inode);
+       }
+
+       return dax_dev;
+}
+
+struct dax_device *alloc_dax(void *private)
+{
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev;
+       dev_t devt;
+       int minor;
+
+       minor = ida_simple_get(&dax_minor_ida, 0, nr_dax, GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (minor < 0)
+               return NULL;
+
+       devt = MKDEV(MAJOR(dax_devt), minor);
+       dax_dev = dax_dev_get(devt);
+       if (!dax_dev)
+               goto err_inode;
+
+       dax_dev->private = private;
+       return dax_dev;
+
+ err_inode:
+       ida_simple_remove(&dax_minor_ida, minor);
+       return NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_dax);
+
+void put_dax(struct dax_device *dax_dev)
+{
+       if (!dax_dev)
+               return;
+       iput(&dax_dev->inode);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(put_dax);
+
+/**
+ * inode_dax: convert a public inode into its dax_dev
+ * @inode: An inode with i_cdev pointing to a dax_dev
+ *
+ * Note this is not equivalent to to_dax_dev() which is for private
+ * internal use where we know the inode filesystem type == dax_fs_type.
+ */
+struct dax_device *inode_dax(struct inode *inode)
+{
+       struct cdev *cdev = inode->i_cdev;
+
+       return container_of(cdev, struct dax_device, cdev);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(inode_dax);
+
+struct inode *dax_inode(struct dax_device *dax_dev)
+{
+       return &dax_dev->inode;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dax_inode);
+
+void *dax_get_private(struct dax_device *dax_dev)
+{
+       return dax_dev->private;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(dax_get_private);
+
+static void init_once(void *_dax_dev)
+{
+       struct dax_device *dax_dev = _dax_dev;
+       struct inode *inode = &dax_dev->inode;
+
+       inode_init_once(inode);
+}
+
+static int __dax_fs_init(void)
+{
+       int rc;
+
+       dax_cache = kmem_cache_create("dax_cache", sizeof(struct dax_device), 0,
+                       (SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT|
+                        SLAB_MEM_SPREAD|SLAB_ACCOUNT),
+                       init_once);
+       if (!dax_cache)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       rc = register_filesystem(&dax_fs_type);
+       if (rc)
+               goto err_register_fs;
+
+       dax_mnt = kern_mount(&dax_fs_type);
+       if (IS_ERR(dax_mnt)) {
+               rc = PTR_ERR(dax_mnt);
+               goto err_mount;
+       }
+       dax_superblock = dax_mnt->mnt_sb;
+
+       return 0;
+
+ err_mount:
+       unregister_filesystem(&dax_fs_type);
+ err_register_fs:
+       kmem_cache_destroy(dax_cache);
+
+       return rc;
+}
+
+static void __dax_fs_exit(void)
+{
+       kern_unmount(dax_mnt);
+       unregister_filesystem(&dax_fs_type);
+       kmem_cache_destroy(dax_cache);
+}
+
+static int __init dax_fs_init(void)
+{
+       int rc;
+
+       rc = __dax_fs_init();
+       if (rc)
+               return rc;
+
+       nr_dax = max(nr_dax, 256);
+       rc = alloc_chrdev_region(&dax_devt, 0, nr_dax, "dax");
+       if (rc)
+               __dax_fs_exit();
+       return rc;
+}
+
+static void __exit dax_fs_exit(void)
+{
+       unregister_chrdev_region(dax_devt, nr_dax);
+       ida_destroy(&dax_minor_ida);
+       __dax_fs_exit();
+}
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Intel Corporation");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
+subsys_initcall(dax_fs_init);
+module_exit(dax_fs_exit);
diff --git a/include/linux/dax.h b/include/linux/dax.h
index d8a3dc042e1c..5b62f5d19aea 100644
--- a/include/linux/dax.h
+++ b/include/linux/dax.h
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 
 struct iomap_ops;
 
+int dax_read_lock(void);
+void dax_read_unlock(int id);
+
 /*
  * We use lowest available bit in exceptional entry for locking, one bit for
  * the entry size (PMD) and two more to tell us if the entry is a huge zero
diff --git a/tools/testing/nvdimm/Kbuild b/tools/testing/nvdimm/Kbuild
index 405212be044a..2033ad03b8cd 100644
--- a/tools/testing/nvdimm/Kbuild
+++ b/tools/testing/nvdimm/Kbuild
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_ND_BTT) += nd_btt.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ND_BLK) += nd_blk.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_X86_PMEM_LEGACY) += nd_e820.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_ACPI_NFIT) += nfit.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_DEV_DAX) += dax.o
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_DAX),m)
+obj-$(CONFIG_DAX) += dax.o
+endif
+obj-$(CONFIG_DEV_DAX) += device_dax.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_DEV_DAX_PMEM) += dax_pmem.o
 
 nfit-y := $(ACPI_SRC)/core.o
@@ -48,9 +51,12 @@ nd_blk-y += config_check.o
 nd_e820-y := $(NVDIMM_SRC)/e820.o
 nd_e820-y += config_check.o
 
-dax-y := $(DAX_SRC)/dax.o
+dax-y := $(DAX_SRC)/super.o
 dax-y += config_check.o
 
+device_dax-y := $(DAX_SRC)/device.o
+device_dax-y += config_check.o
+
 dax_pmem-y := $(DAX_SRC)/pmem.o
 dax_pmem-y += config_check.o
 

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