I actually think that the move of the partition was no problem. I
guess that btrfs has some absolute references which have to be
adjusted and now has some problems with sectors not at the right
place.

    No, it doesn't. All the position values in the FS are either
relative to the containing block device (i.e. the partition, in this
case), or are based on an internal virtual address space -- which is
itself mapped in terms of the containing block device(s).
Thank you for the clarification and background.


The following error from btrfsck
Check tree block failed, want=959572647936, have=13587293097915834379
suggests that 959572647936 is a way off...

    That just says to me that you've got garbage metadata -- usually a
good indication that there's some file data where there should be
metadata, which would further suggest that you've somehow moved the
wrong data (or the right data into the wrong place).

Seems like, that this happened and I actually also know how/when. I started moving the partition with my Laptop. But after the first projection of the time needed to move 2TB on USB2 speed, I decided to move the partition with a PC. So I stopped dd and tried to get the last sector position and continued on the Desktop with this position as "skip" value. I'm pretty sure, that there I did some mistake. That is also the reason, why the Luks-Header was intact.

Maybe first, the principal question: Can one just move a
btrfs-partition to the left by
* delete partition
* create partition moved
* dd data from old to new partition
Or does one have to adjust some references inside the btrfs filesystem?

    In theory, that process should be safe. In fact, I'm not aware of
*any* filesystem which is dependent on the position of the partition
within a larger device.

I will try this in practice again on a spare disk with some smaller partition.

    I think at this point, you should try testdisk to see if it can
identify your FS's superblock. If that doesn't work, then restore from
backup is likely to be your fastest route to recovery.

Actually, this disk will become my new backup drive. So everything save and I reformatted it already.

André
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