Bcache failures are nasty, because they leave a mix of old and new
data on the disk.  In this case, there was very little dirty data, but
of course the tree roots were dirty and out-of-sync.

fileserver:/usr/src/btrfs-progs# ./btrfs --version
Btrfs v3.18.2

kernel version 3.18

[  572.573566] BTRFS info (device bcache0): enabling auto recovery
[  572.573619] BTRFS info (device bcache0): disk space caching is enabled
[  574.266055] BTRFS (device bcache0): parent transid verify failed on
7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
[  574.276952] BTRFS (device bcache0): parent transid verify failed on
7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
[  574.277008] BTRFS: failed to read tree root on bcache0
[  574.277187] BTRFS (device bcache0): parent transid verify failed on
7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
[  574.277356] BTRFS (device bcache0): parent transid verify failed on
7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
[  574.277398] BTRFS: failed to read tree root on bcache0
[  574.285955] BTRFS (device bcache0): parent transid verify failed on
7567965720576 wanted 613689 found 613694
[  574.298741] BTRFS (device bcache0): parent transid verify failed on
7567965720576 wanted 613689 found 610499
[  574.298804] BTRFS: failed to read tree root on bcache0
[  575.047079] BTRFS (device bcache0): bad tree block start 0 7567954464768
[  575.111495] BTRFS (device bcache0): parent transid verify failed on
7567954464768 wanted 613688 found 613685
[  575.111559] BTRFS: failed to read tree root on bcache0
[  575.121749] BTRFS (device bcache0): bad tree block start 0 7567954214912
[  575.131803] BTRFS (device bcache0): parent transid verify failed on
7567954214912 wanted 613687 found 613680
[  575.131866] BTRFS: failed to read tree root on bcache0
[  575.180101] BTRFS: open_ctree failed

all the btrfs tools throw up their hands with similar errors:
ileserver:/usr/src/btrfs-progs# btrfs restore /dev/bcache0 -l
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
Ignoring transid failure
Couldn't setup extent tree
Couldn't setup device tree
Could not open root, trying backup super
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
Ignoring transid failure
Couldn't setup extent tree
Couldn't setup device tree
Could not open root, trying backup super
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
Ignoring transid failure
Couldn't setup extent tree
Couldn't setup device tree
Could not open root, trying backup super


fileserver:/usr/src/btrfs-progs# ./btrfsck --repair /dev/bcache0
--init-extent-tree
enabling repair mode
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
Ignoring transid failure
Couldn't setup extent tree
Couldn't setup device tree
Couldn't open file system

Annoyingly:
# ./btrfs-image -c9 -t4 -s -w /dev/bcache0 /tmp/test.out
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
parent transid verify failed on 7567956930560 wanted 613690 found 613681
Ignoring transid failure
Couldn't setup extent tree
Open ctree failed
create failed (Success)

So I can't even send an image for people to look at.
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