>>> I've one system where a single kworker process is using 100%
>>> CPU sometimes a second process comes up with 100% CPU
>>> [btrfs-transacti]. [ ... ]

>> [ ... ]1413 Snapshots. I'm deleting 50 of them every night. But
>> btrfs-cleaner process isn't running / consuming CPU currently.

Reminder that:

https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Gotchas#Having_many_subvolumes_can_be_very_slow

"The cost of several operations, including currently balance, device
delete and fs resize, is proportional to the number of subvolumes,
including snapshots, and (slightly super-linearly) the number of
extents in the subvolumes."

>> [ ... ] btrfs is mounted with compress-force=zlib

> Could be similar issue as what I had recently, with the RAID5 and
> 256kb chunk size. please provide more information about your RAID
> setup.

It is similar, but updating in-place compressed files can create
this situation even without RAID5 RMW:

https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Gotchas#Fragmentation

"Files with a lot of random writes can become heavily fragmented
(10000+ extents) causing thrashing on HDDs and excessive multi-second
spikes of CPU load on systems with an SSD or large amount a RAM. ...
Symptoms include btrfs-transacti and btrfs-endio-wri taking up a lot
of CPU time (in spikes, possibly triggered by syncs)."
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