At a stable hardened Gentoo Linux server (kernel 5.1, same for 4.19) I do have 2 BTRFS file systems, ./img1 and ./img2. I do write data to either of it for about 1 month, then I do switch the symlink ./img from ./img1 to ./img2 or vice versa.
# grep img /etc/fstab /dev/vg0/lvol0 /home/tinderbox/img1 btrfs auto,noatime 0 0 /dev/vg0/lvol1 /home/tinderbox/img2 btrfs auto,noatime 0 0 # vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree vg0 2 3 0 wz--n- <3.58t 0 # pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda5 vg0 lvm2 a-- <1.76t 0 /dev/sdb1 vg0 lvm2 a-- <1.82t 0 # lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert lvol0 vg0 -wi-ao---- 1.56t lvol1 vg0 -wi-ao---- 1.56t lvol2 vg0 -wi-ao---- 461.02g FWIW I do prefer "mkfs" over "rm -rf" due to the large size of the FS (1.6 TB). But I run regularly into this problem: # mount /home/tinderbox/img1 # umount /home/tinderbox/img1 # btrfs check -p /dev/vg0/lvol0 Opening filesystem to check... ERROR: cannot open device '/dev/vg0/lvol0': Device or resource busy ERROR: cannot open file system # mkfs.btrfs -f /dev/mapper/vg0-lvol0 btrfs-progs v5.1 See http://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org for more information. ERROR: unable to open /dev/mapper/vg0-lvol0: Device or resource busy A reboot helps, but after 1 or 2 days or so I run into the same situation even if I do not write files to it. I rebooted the system 24 hours ago and wrote not into ./img1, but do still suffer from the situation above. Neither lsof nor fuser show anything suspicious althought I do not understand the fuser output after the unmount: # mount /home/tinderbox/img1 # df -h /home/tinderbox/img1 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg0-lvol0 1.6T 1.4T 166G 90% /home/tinderbox/img1 # fuser -mv /home/tinderbox/img1 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND /home/tinderbox/img1: root kernel mount /home/tinderbox/img1 # umount /home/tinderbox/img1 # fuser -mv /home/tinderbox/img1 USER PID ACCESS COMMAND /home/tinderbox/img1: root kernel mount / root 1 .rce. init root 2 .rc.. kthreadd root 3 .rc.. rcu_gp root 4 .rc.. rcu_par_gp root 6 .rc.. kworker/0:0H-kbl root 8 .rc.. mm_percpu_wq root 9 .rc.. ksoftirqd/0 root 10 .rc.. rcu_sched root 11 .rc.. migration/0 root 12 .rc.. cpuhp/0 root 13 .rc.. cpuhp/1 root 14 .rc.. migration/1 root 15 .rc.. ksoftirqd/1 root 17 .rc.. kworker/1:0H-kbl root 18 .rc.. cpuhp/2 root 19 .rc.. migration/2 root 20 .rc.. ksoftirqd/2 root 22 .rc.. kworker/2:0H-kbl root 23 .rc.. cpuhp/3 root 24 .rc.. migration/3 root 25 .rc.. ksoftirqd/3 root 27 .rc.. kworker/3:0H-kbl root 28 .rc.. cpuhp/4 root 29 .rc.. migration/4 root 30 .rc.. ksoftirqd/4 root 32 .rc.. kworker/4:0H-kbl root 33 .rc.. cpuhp/5 root 34 .rc.. migration/5 root 35 .rc.. ksoftirqd/5 root 37 .rc.. kworker/5:0H-kbl root 38 .rc.. cpuhp/6 root 39 .rc.. migration/6 root 40 .rc.. ksoftirqd/6 root 42 .rc.. kworker/6:0H-kbl root 43 .rc.. cpuhp/7 root 44 .rc.. migration/7 root 45 .rc.. ksoftirqd/7 root 47 .rc.. kworker/7:0H-kbl root 48 .rc.. cpuhp/8 root 49 .rc.. migration/8 root 50 .rc.. ksoftirqd/8 root 52 .rc.. kworker/8:0H-kbl root 53 .rc.. cpuhp/9 root 54 .rc.. migration/9 root 55 .rc.. ksoftirqd/9 root 57 .rc.. kworker/9:0H-kbl root 58 .rc.. cpuhp/10 root 59 .rc.. migration/10 root 60 .rc.. ksoftirqd/10 root 62 .rc.. kworker/10:0H-kb root 63 .rc.. cpuhp/11 root 64 .rc.. migration/11 root 65 .rc.. ksoftirqd/11 root 67 .rc.. kworker/11:0H-kb root 69 .rc.. netns root 72 .rc.. oom_reaper root 73 .rc.. writeback root 74 .rc.. kcompactd0 root 75 .rc.. khugepaged root 76 .rc.. crypto root 77 .rc.. kintegrityd root 78 .rc.. kblockd root 81 .rc.. edac-poller root 87 .rc.. kswapd0 root 114 .rc.. kthrotld root 115 .rc.. irq/25-aerdrv root 116 .rc.. irq/27-aerdrv root 121 .rc.. acpi_thermal_pm root 122 .rc.. scsi_eh_0 root 123 .rc.. scsi_tmf_0 root 124 .rc.. scsi_eh_1 root 125 .rc.. scsi_tmf_1 root 126 .rc.. scsi_eh_2 root 127 .rc.. scsi_tmf_2 root 128 .rc.. scsi_eh_3 root 129 .rc.. scsi_tmf_3 root 130 .rc.. scsi_eh_4 root 131 .rc.. scsi_tmf_4 root 132 .rc.. scsi_eh_5 root 133 .rc.. scsi_tmf_5 root 140 .rc.. ipv6_addrconf root 168 .rc.. jbd2/sda4-8 root 169 .rc.. ext4-rsv-conver root 173 .rc.. kworker/6:1H-eve root 613 .rce. udevd root 738 .rc.. kworker/9:1H-eve root 742 .rc.. kworker/8:1H-kbl root 758 .rc.. kworker/10:1H-ev root 768 .rc.. kdmflush root 770 .rc.. kdmflush root 771 .rc.. kdmflush root 858 .rc.. kworker/3:1-even root 885 .rc.. kdmflush root 886 .rc.. kcryptd_io/254: root 887 .rc.. kcryptd/254:3 root 888 .rc.. dmcrypt_write/2 root 897 .rc.. kworker/0:1H-kbl root 932 .rce. lvmetad root 1011 .rc.. kworker/5:1H-eve root 1042 .rc.. kworker/u24:9-bt root 1046 .rc.. kworker/4:1H-eve root 1047 .rc.. kworker/2:1H-eve root 1110 frce. watch.sh root 1111 frce. watch.sh root 1112 frce. watch.sh root 1113 frce. watch.sh root 1114 frce. watch.sh root 1115 .rce. tail root 1116 .rce. grep root 1117 .rce. watch.sh root 1118 frce. tail root 1119 frce. tail root 1120 .rce. grep root 1121 .rce. grep root 1122 .rce. watch.sh root 1123 .rce. tail root 1124 .rce. grep root 1125 .rce. watch.sh root 1126 .rce. watch.sh root 1127 frce. tail root 1128 .rce. grep root 1129 .rce. watch.sh root 1154 .rc.. btrfs-worker root 1155 .rc.. btrfs-worker-hi root 1156 .rc.. btrfs-delalloc root 1157 .rc.. btrfs-flush_del root 1158 .rc.. btrfs-cache root 1159 .rc.. btrfs-submit root 1160 .rc.. btrfs-fixup root 1161 .rc.. btrfs-endio root 1162 .rc.. btrfs-endio-met root 1163 .rc.. btrfs-endio-met root 1164 .rc.. btrfs-endio-rai root 1165 .rc.. btrfs-endio-rep root 1166 .rc.. btrfs-rmw root 1167 .rc.. btrfs-endio-wri root 1168 .rc.. btrfs-freespace root 1169 .rc.. btrfs-delayed-m root 1170 .rc.. btrfs-readahead root 1171 .rc.. btrfs-qgroup-re root 1172 .rc.. btrfs-extent-re root 1173 .rc.. btrfs-cleaner root 1174 .rc.. btrfs-transacti root 1175 .rc.. btrfs-worker root 1176 .rc.. btrfs-worker-hi root 1178 .rc.. btrfs-delalloc root 1179 .rc.. btrfs-flush_del root 1180 .rc.. btrfs-cache root 1181 .rc.. btrfs-submit root 1182 .rc.. btrfs-fixup root 1183 .rc.. btrfs-endio root 1184 .rc.. btrfs-endio-met root 1185 .rc.. btrfs-endio-met root 1186 .rc.. btrfs-endio-rai root 1187 .rc.. btrfs-endio-rep root 1188 .rc.. btrfs-rmw root 1189 .rc.. btrfs-endio-wri root 1190 .rc.. btrfs-freespace root 1191 .rc.. btrfs-delayed-m root 1192 .rc.. btrfs-readahead root 1193 .rc.. btrfs-qgroup-re root 1194 .rc.. btrfs-extent-re root 1195 .rc.. btrfs-cleaner root 1196 .rc.. btrfs-transacti root 1198 .rc.. btrfs-worker root 1199 .rc.. btrfs-worker-hi root 1200 .rc.. btrfs-delalloc root 1201 .rc.. btrfs-flush_del root 1202 .rc.. btrfs-cache root 1203 .rc.. btrfs-submit root 1204 .rc.. btrfs-fixup root 1205 .rc.. btrfs-endio root 1206 .rc.. btrfs-endio-met root 1207 .rc.. btrfs-endio-met root 1208 .rc.. btrfs-endio-rai root 1209 .rc.. btrfs-endio-rep root 1210 .rc.. btrfs-rmw root 1211 .rc.. btrfs-endio-wri root 1212 .rc.. btrfs-freespace root 1213 .rc.. btrfs-delayed-m root 1214 .rc.. btrfs-readahead root 1215 .rc.. btrfs-qgroup-re root 1216 .rc.. btrfs-extent-re root 1217 .rc.. btrfs-cleaner root 1218 .rc.. btrfs-transacti root 1515 .rc.. kworker/3:1H-kbl root 1590 .rce. syslog-ng root 1591 Fr.e. syslog-ng root 1625 .rce. acpid at 1653 .rce. atd root 1743 .rce. timer_entropyd root 2024 .rc.. kworker/1:1H-kbl dnsmasq 2064 .rce. dnsmasq root 2124 .rce. crond root 2153 .rce. crond root 2156 .rce. haveged root 2167 frce. catch_load.sh root 2228 .rce. ntpd root 2258 .rce. rngd root 2293 .rce. smartd root 2325 .rce. sshd root 2430 frce. restart_service root 2431 frce. restart_service root 2432 frce. restart_service root 2507 .rce. agetty root 2508 .rce. agetty root 2509 .rce. agetty root 2510 .rce. agetty root 2511 .rce. agetty root 2512 .rce. agetty root 2666 .rc.. kworker/7:1H-kbl root 2804 .rc.. kworker/11:1H-kb root 2912 Frce. sudo root 2915 Frce. chr.sh root 2973 F.... su root 3022 Frce. sudo root 3025 Frce. chr.sh root 3047 F.... bash root 3071 F.... su root 3074 Frce. sudo root 3077 Frce. chr.sh root 3124 F.... su root 3127 Frce. sudo root 3130 Frce. chr.sh root 3164 Frce. sudo root 3167 Frce. chr.sh root 3183 F.... su root 3192 F.... bash root 3236 F.... su root 3238 Frce. sudo root 3241 Frce. chr.sh root 3261 F.... bash root 3286 F.... su root 3289 Frce. sudo root 3292 Frce. chr.sh tinderbox 3315 frce. logcheck.sh root 3323 F.... bash root 3336 F.... su root 3339 F.... bash root 3373 F.... bash root 3387 F.... bash root 3959 .rc.. kworker/4:0 root 4307 Frce. sudo root 4310 Frce. chr.sh root 4905 F.... su root 4906 F.... bash root 4994 .rc.. kworker/u25:0-bt root 5069 .rc.. kworker/9:0-even tor 6675 Frce. tor root 7714 .rc.. kworker/10:1-mm_ root 7802 .rc.. kworker/0:0-even root 8348 .rc.. kworker/11:1-eve root 8375 .rc.. kworker/11:3-eve root 8879 .rc.. kworker/u24:2-bt root 8905 .rc.. kworker/3:0-even root 9188 .rc.. kworker/5:1-mm_p root 9403 .rc.. kworker/2:2-cgro root 9851 .rc.. kworker/11:2-rcu root 10023 .rc.. kworker/7:2-even root 11092 .rc.. kworker/u24:4-bt root 11103 Frce. sudo root 11108 Frce. chr.sh root 11283 .rc.. kworker/10:2-eve root 11483 F.... su root 11485 F.... bash root 11730 .rce. sshd tfoerste 11805 .rce. sshd tfoerste 11829 .rce. bash root 11898 .rc.. kworker/4:1-cgro root 11941 .rc.. kworker/u24:7-bt root 11960 .rc.. kworker/u24:8-bt root 12026 .rc.. kworker/6:2-even root 12079 .rce. sudo root 12081 .rce. su root 12083 .rce. bash root 12337 .rc.. kworker/u25:1-bt root 13106 .rc.. kworker/5:0 root 13568 .rc.. kworker/u24:11-b root 13991 .rc.. kworker/3:3-mm_p root 15022 .rc.. kworker/5:2-even root 15087 .rc.. kworker/2:0-mm_p root 15283 .rc.. kworker/2:1-cgro root 15939 .rc.. kworker/10:0-eve root 16963 .rce. sleep root 17018 .rc.. kworker/7:3-mm_p root 17139 .rc.. kworker/4:3-cgro root 17147 .rce. sleep root 17177 .rc.. kworker/0:1-cgro root 17423 .rc.. kworker/8:0-mm_p root 17644 .rc.. kworker/0:2-cgro root 17802 .rce. sleep root 18468 .rc.. kworker/10:3-cgr root 18869 .rce. sleep tinderbox 19031 .rce. sleep root 19062 .rc.. kworker/6:0-mm_p root 20813 .rc.. kworker/7:1-rcu_ root 20932 .rc.. kworker/u24:0-bt root 21045 .rc.. kworker/11:0-mm_ root 21178 .rc.. kworker/8:2-cgro root 21441 .rc.. kworker/9:1-cgro root 22857 .rc.. kworker/1:3-even root 23358 .rc.. kworker/u24:1-ev root 23359 .rc.. kworker/u24:3-bt root 23821 .rc.. kworker/1:2-rcu_ root 23854 .rc.. kworker/8:1-even root 26148 .rc.. kworker/7:0-even root 26178 .rc.. kworker/5:4-even root 28450 .rc.. kworker/3:2-even root 28571 .rc.. kworker/9:3-even root 28640 .rc.. kworker/6:1 tor 29097 Frce. tor root 31539 .rc.. kworker/0:3-even root 31954 .rc.. kworker/8:3 root 32727 .rc.. kworker/1:1+even -- Toralf PGP C4EACDDE 0076E94E