Add a document for Intel FPGA driver overview.
Signed-off-by: Enno Luebbers <enno.luebb...@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <guangrong.x...@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Hao <hao...@intel.com>
----
v2: added FME fpga-mgr/bridge/region platform driver to driver organization.
updated open discussion per current implementation.
fixed some typos.
---
Documentation/fpga/intel-fpga.txt | 256 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 256 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 Documentation/fpga/intel-fpga.txt
diff --git a/Documentation/fpga/intel-fpga.txt
b/Documentation/fpga/intel-fpga.txt
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+===============================================================================
+ Intel FPGA driver Overview
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Enno Luebbers <enno.luebb...@intel.com>
+ Xiao Guangrong <guangrong.x...@linux.intel.com>
+ Wu Hao <hao...@intel.com>
+
+The Intel FPGA driver provides interfaces for userspace applications to
+configure, enumerate, open, and access FPGA accelerators on platforms equipped
+with Intel(R) FPGA PCIe based solutions and enables system level management
+functions such as FPGA reconfiguration, power management, and virtualization.
+
+HW Architecture
+===============
+From the OS's point of view, the FPGA hardware appears as a regular PCIe
device.
+The FPGA device memory is organized using a predefined data structure (Device
+Feature List). Features supported by the particular FPGA device are exposed
+through these data structures, as illustrated below:
+
+ +-------------------------------+ +-------------+
+ | PF | | VF |
+ +-------------------------------+ +-------------+
+ ^ ^ ^ ^
+ | | | |
++-----|------------|---------|--------------|-------+
+| | | | | |
+| +-----+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
+| | FME | | Port0 | | Port1 | | Port2 | |
+| +-----+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+ |
+| ^ ^ ^ |
+| | | | |
+| +-------+ +------+ +-------+ |
+| | AFU | | AFU | | AFU | |
+| +-------+ +------+ +-------+ |
+| |
+| FPGA PCIe Device |
++---------------------------------------------------+
+
+The driver supports PCIe SR-IOV to create virtual functions (VFs) which can be
+used to assign individual accelerators to virtual machines.
+
+FME (FPGA Management Engine)
+============================
+The FPGA Management Engine performs power and thermal management, error
+reporting, reconfiguration, performance reporting, and other infrastructure
+functions. Each FPGA has one FME, which is always accessed through the physical
+function (PF).
+
+User-space applications can acquire exclusive access to the FME using open(),
+and release it using close().
+
+The following functions are exposed through ioctls:
+
+ Get driver API version (FPGA_GET_API_VERSION)
+ Check for extensions (FPGA_CHECK_EXTENSION)
+ Assign port to PF (FPGA_FME_PORT_ASSIGN)
+ Release port from PF (FPGA_FME_PORT_RELEASE)
+ Program bitstream (FPGA_FME_PORT_PR)
+
+More functions are exposed through sysfs
+(/sys/class/fpga/fpga.n/intel-fpga-fme.n/):
+
+ Read bitstream ID (bitstream_id)
+ Read bitstream metadata (bitstream_metadata)
+ Read number of ports (ports_num)
+ Read socket ID (socket_id)
+ Read performance counters (perf/)
+ Power management (power_mgmt/)
+ Thermal management (thermal_mgmt/)
+ Error reporting (errors/)
+
+PORT
+====
+A port represents the interface between the static FPGA fabric (the "blue
+bitstream") and a partially reconfigurable region containing an AFU (the "green
+bitstream"). It controls the communication from SW to the accelerator and
+exposes features such as reset and debug.
+
+A PCIe device may have several ports and each port can be released from PF by
+FPGA_FME_PORT_RELEASE ioctl on FME, and exposed through a VF via PCIe sriov
+sysfs interface.
+
+AFU
+===
+An AFU is attached to a port and exposes a 256k MMIO region to be used for
+accelerator-specific control registers.
+
+User-space applications can acquire exclusive access to an AFU attached to a
+port by using open() on the port device node, and release it using close().
+
+The following functions are exposed through ioctls:
+
+ Get driver API version (FPGA_GET_API_VERSION)
+ Check for extensions (FPGA_CHECK_EXTENSION)
+ Get port info (FPGA_PORT_GET_INFO)
+ Get MMIO region info (FPGA_PORT_GET_REGION_INFO)
+ Map DMA buffer (FPGA_PORT_DMA_MAP)
+ Unmap DMA buffer (FPGA_PORT_DMA_UNMAP)
+ Reset AFU (FPGA_PORT_RESET)
+ Enable UMsg (FPGA_PORT_UMSG_ENABLE)
+ Disable UMsg (FPGA_PORT_UMSG_DISABLE)
+ Set UMsg mode (FPGA_PORT_UMSG_SET_MODE)
+ Set UMsg base address (FPGA_PORT_UMSG_SET_BASE_ADDR)
+
+User-space applications can also mmap() accelerator MMIO regions.
+
+More functions are exposed through sysfs:
+(/sys/class/fpga/fpga.n/intel-fpga-port.m/):
+
+ Read Accelerator GUID (afu_id)
+ Error reporting (errors/)
+
+Partial Reconfiguration
+=======================
+As mentioned above, accelerators can be reconfigured through partial
+reconfiguration of a green bitstream file (GBS). The green bitstream must have
+been generated for the exact blue bitstream and targeted reconfigurable region
+(port) of the FPGA; otherwise, the reconfiguration operation will fail and
+possibly cause system instability. This compatibility can be checked by
+comparing the interface ID noted in the GBS header against the interface ID
+exposed by the FME through sysfs (see above). This check is usually done by
+user-space before calling the reconfiguration IOCTL.
+
+FPGA virtualization
+===================
+To enable accessing an accelerator from applications running in a VM, the
+respective AFU's port needs to be assigned to a VF using the following steps:
+
+ a) The PF owns all AFU ports by default. Any port that needs to be reassigned
+ to a VF must be released from PF firstly through the FPGA_FME_PORT_RELEASE
+ ioctl on the FME device.
+
+ b) Once N ports are released from PF, then user can use below command to
+ enable SRIOV and VFs. Each VF owns only one Port with AFU.
+
+ echo N > $PCI_DEVICE_PATH/sriov_numvfs
+
+ c) Pass through the VFs to VMs
+
+ d) The AFU under VF is accessible from applications in VM (using the same
+ driver inside the VF).
+
+Note the an FME can't be assigned to a VF, thus PR and other management
+functions are only available via the PF.
+
+
+Driver organization
+===================
+
+ +-------++------++------+ |
+ | FME || FME || FME | |
+ | FPGA || FPGA || FPGA | |
+ |Manager||Bridge||Region| |
+ +-------++------++------+ |
+ +-----------------------+ +--------+ | +--------+
+ | FME | | AFU | | | AFU |
+ | Module | | Module | | | Module |
+ +-----------------------+ +--------+ | +--------+
+ +-----------------------+ | +-----------------------+
+ | FPGA Container Device | | | FPGA Container Device |
+ +-----------------------+ | +-----------------------+
+ +------------------+ | +------------------+
+ | FPGA PCIE Module | | Virtual | FPGA PCIE Module |
+ +------------------+ Host | Machine +------------------+
+ -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------
+ +---------------+ | +---------------+
+ | PCI PF Device | | | PCI VF Device |
+ +---------------+ | +---------------+
+
+The FPGA devices appear as regular PCIe devices; thus, the FPGA PCIe device
+driver is always loaded first once a FPGA PCIE PF or VF device is detected.
This
+driver plays an infrastructural role in the driver architecture. It:
+
+ a) creates FPGA container device as parent of the feature devices.
+ b) walks through the Device Feature List, which is implemented in PCIE
+ device BAR memory, to discover feature devices and their sub features
+ and create platform device for them under the container device.
+ c) supports SRIOV.
+ d) introduces the feature device infrastructure, which abstracts
+ operations for sub features and exposes common functions to feature
+ device drivers.
+
+The FPGA Management Engine (FME) driver is a platform driver which is loaded
+automatically after FME platform device creation from the PCIE driver. It
+provides the key features for FPGA management, including:
+
+ a) Power and thermal management, error reporting, performance reporting
+ and other infrastructure functions. Users can access these functions
+ via sysfs interfaces exposed by FME driver.
+ b) Partial Reconfiguration. The FME driver creates platform devices
+ for FPGA manager, FPGA bridges and FPGA regions during PR sub
+ feature initialization; Once it receives an FPGA_FME_PORT_PR ioctl
+ from user, it invokes the common interface function from FPGA Region
+ to complete the partial reconfiguration of the bitstream to the given
+ port.
+ c) Port management for virtualization. The FME driver introduces two
+ ioctls, FPGA_FME_PORT_RELEASE (releases given port from PF) and
+ FPGA_FME_PORT_ASSIGN (assigns the port back to PF). Once the port is
+ released from the PF, it can be assigned to the VF through the SRIOV
+ interfaces provided by PCIE driver. (Refer to "FPGA virtualization"
+ for more details).
+
+Similar to the the FME driver, the FPGA Accelerated Function Unit (AFU) driver
+is probed once the AFU platform device is created. The main function of this
+module is to provide an interface for userspace applications to access the
+individual accelerators, including basic reset control on port, AFU MMIO region
+export, dma buffer mapping service, UMsg notification, and remote debug
+functions (see above).
+
+
+Device enumeration
+==================
+This section introduces how applications enumerate the fpga device from
+the sysfs hierarchy under /sys/class/fpga.
+
+In the example below, two Intel(R) FPGA devices are installed in the host. Each
+fpga device has one FME and two ports (AFUs).
+
+For each FPGA device, a device director is created under /sys/class/fpga/:
+
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.0
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.1
+
+The Intel(R) FPGA device driver exposes "intel-fpga-dev" as the FPGA's name.
+Application can retrieve name information via the sysfs interface:
+
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.0/name
+
+Each node has one FME and two ports (AFUs) as child devices:
+
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.0/intel-fpga-fme.0
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.0/intel-fpga-port.0
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.0/intel-fpga-port.1
+
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.1/intel-fpga-fme.1
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.1/intel-fpga-port.2
+ /sys/class/fpga/fpga.1/intel-fpga-port.3
+
+In general, the FME/AFU sysfs interfaces are named as follows:
+
+ /sys/class/fpga/<fpga.n>/<intel-fpga-fme.n>/
+ /sys/class/fpga/<fpga.n>/<intel-fpga-port.m>/
+
+with 'n' consecutively numbering all FMEs and 'm' consecutively numbering all
+ports.
+
+The device nodes used for ioctl() or mmap() can be referenced through:
+
+ /sys/class/fpga/<fpga.n>/<intel-fpga-port.n>/dev
+ /sys/class/fpga/<fpga.n>/<intel-fpga-fme.n>/dev
+
+Open discussion
+===============
+FME driver exports one ioctl (FPGA_FME_PORT_PR) for partial reconfiguration to
+user now. In the future, if unified user interfaces for reconfiguration are
+added, FME driver should switch to them from ioctl interface.
--
1.8.3.1
