On 10/29/2014 11:15 AM, Josh Triplett wrote:
> Document several common practices and conventions regarding conditional
> compilation, most notably the preference for ifdefs in headers rather
> than .c files.
>
> Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <j...@joshtriplett.org>
> ---
>
> I found myself explaining a few of these unwritten rules in patch
> feedback, so I figured I'd document them.
>
> Documentation/CodingStyle | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/CodingStyle b/Documentation/CodingStyle
> index 3171822..9f28b14 100644
> --- a/Documentation/CodingStyle
> +++ b/Documentation/CodingStyle
> @@ -845,6 +845,49 @@ next instruction in the assembly output:
> : /* outputs */ : /* inputs */ : /* clobbers */);
>
>
> + Chapter 20: Conditional Compilation
> +
> +Wherever possible, don't use preprocessor conditionals (#if, #ifdef) in .c
> +files; doing so makes code harder to read and logic harder to follow.
> Instead,
> +use such conditionals in a header file defining functions for use in those .c
> +files, providing no-op stub versions in the #else case, and then call those
> +functions unconditionally from .c files. The compiler will avoid generating
> +any code for the stub calls, producing identical results, but the logic will
> +remain easy to follow.
> +
> +Prefer to compile out entire functions, rather than portions of functions or
> +portions of expressions. Rather than putting an ifdef in an expression,
> factor
> +out part or all of the expression into a separate helper function and apply
> the
> +conditional to that function.
> +
> +If you have a function or variable which may potentially go unused in a
> +particular configuration, and the compiler would warn about its definition
> +going unused, mark the definition as __maybe_unused rather than wrapping it
> in
> +a preprocessor conditional. (However, if a function or variable *always*
> goes
> +unused, delete it.)
> +
> +Within code, where possible, use the IS_ENABLED macro to convert a Kconfig
> +symbol into a C boolean expression, and use it in a normal C conditional:
> +
> + if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SOMETHING)) {
> + ...
> + }
> +
> +The compiler will constant-fold the conditional away, and include or exclude
> +the block of code just as with an #ifdef, so this will not add any runtime
> +overhead. However, this approach still allows the C compiler to see the code
> +inside the block, and check it for correctness (syntax, types, symbol
> +references, etc). Thus, you still have to use an #ifdef if the code inside
> the
> +block references symbols that will not exist if the condition is not met.
> +
> +At the end of any non-trivial #if or #ifdef block (more than a few lines),
> +place a comment after the #endif on the same line, noting the conditional
> +expression used. For instance:
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_SOMETHING
> +...
> +#endif /* CONFIG_SOMETHING */
> +
>
> Appendix I: References
>
>
I like that you're formalizing this in the official document; thanks!
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