Thanks Greg. Please see attached file which is identical to your
skeleton.c except changed the name to mx (for my experimental and learning).
What I did was following commands:
/sbin/insmod mx.o
mknod /dev/mx0 c 180 0
chmod 644 /dev/mx0
usb.c: registered new driver MX
I can see mx module by lsmod and I can see /dev/mx0 as well.
Then to call fd = open("dev/mx0", O_RDWR), it return an error of "No
such device".
When I pluged a serial adapter UC-232A:
hub.c: new USB device not_pci-3, assigned address 2
usb.c: USB device not accepting new address=2 (error=-110)
hub.c: new USB device not_pci-3, assigned address 3
usb.c: USB device not accepting new address=3 (error=-110)
Thanks.
Jim
Greg KH wrote:
On Wed, Sep 13, 2006 at 09:07:13PM +1000, Jim wrote:
Hello,
I made a usb device driver based on usb-skeleton.c from Greg
Kroah-Hartman in an ARM linux system. After installing this module, I
can see it by lsmod command, I also made the device in /dev/mx0 (it is
the only usb device driver in my system). But when I start an
application to call fd = open("dev/mx0", O_RDWR), it return an error of
"No such device". I have many other device drivers all work fine in the
system. What could I be missing and how to resolve this problem?
Is the device being bound to the driver?
Do you get any kernel log messages when you plug in the device?
Can you post your source code so that we can see?
Also, this should be on the linux-usb-devel list, not -users.
thanks,
greg k-h
/*
* USB Skeleton driver - 0.7
*
* Copyright (c) 2001 Greg Kroah-Hartman ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
*
* This driver is to be used as a skeleton driver to be able to create a
* USB driver quickly. The design of it is based on the usb-serial and
* dc2xx drivers.
*
* Thanks to Oliver Neukum and David Brownell for their help in debugging
* this driver.
*
* TODO:
* - fix urb->status race condition in write sequence
* - move minor_table to a dynamic list.
*
* History:
*
* 2002_02_12 - 0.7 - zero out dev in probe function for devices that do
* not have both a bulk in and bulk out endpoint.
* Thanks to Holger Waechtler for the fix.
* 2001_11_05 - 0.6 - fix minor locking problem in mx_disconnect.
* Thanks to Pete Zaitcev for the fix.
* 2001_09_04 - 0.5 - fix devfs bug in mx_disconnect. Thanks to wim delvaux
* 2001_08_21 - 0.4 - more small bug fixes.
* 2001_05_29 - 0.3 - more bug fixes based on review from linux-usb-devel
* 2001_05_24 - 0.2 - bug fixes based on review from linux-usb-devel people
* 2001_05_01 - 0.1 - first version
*
*/
#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <linux/devfs_fs_kernel.h>
#include <linux/usb.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_USB_DEBUG
static int debug = 1;
#else
static int debug;
#endif
/* Use our own dbg macro */
#undef dbg
#define dbg(format, arg...) do { if (debug) printk(KERN_DEBUG __FILE__ ": "
format "\n" , ## arg); } while (0)
/* Version Information */
#define DRIVER_VERSION "v0.4"
#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Greg Kroah-Hartman, [EMAIL PROTECTED]"
#define DRIVER_DESC "USB Skeleton Driver"
/* Module paramaters */
MODULE_PARM(debug, "i");
MODULE_PARM_DESC(debug, "Debug enabled or not");
/* Define these values to match your device */
#define USB_MX_VENDOR_ID 0xfff0
#define USB_MX_PRODUCT_ID 0xfff0
/* table of devices that work with this driver */
static struct usb_device_id mx_table [] = {
{ USB_DEVICE(USB_MX_VENDOR_ID, USB_MX_PRODUCT_ID) },
{ } /* Terminating entry */
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, mx_table);
/* Get a minor range for your devices from the usb maintainer */
#define USB_MX_MINOR_BASE 192
/* we can have up to this number of device plugged in at once */
#define MAX_DEVICES 16
/* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
struct usb_mx {
struct usb_device * udev; /* save off the usb
device pointer */
struct usb_interface * interface; /* the interface for
this device */
devfs_handle_t devfs; /* devfs device node */
unsigned char minor; /* the starting minor
number for this device */
unsigned char num_ports; /* the number of ports
this device has */
char num_interrupt_in; /* number of interrupt
in endpoints we have */
char num_bulk_in; /* number of bulk in
endpoints we have */
char num_bulk_out; /* number of bulk out
endpoints we have */
unsigned char * bulk_in_buffer; /* the buffer to
receive data */
int bulk_in_size; /* the size of the
receive buffer */
__u8 bulk_in_endpointAddr; /* the address of the
bulk in endpoint */
unsigned char * bulk_out_buffer; /* the buffer to send
data */
int bulk_out_size; /* the size of the send
buffer */
struct urb * write_urb; /* the urb used to send
data */
__u8 bulk_out_endpointAddr; /* the address of the
bulk out endpoint */
struct tq_struct tqueue; /* task queue for line
discipline waking up */
int open_count; /* number of times this
port has been opened */
struct semaphore sem; /* locks this structure
*/
};
/* the global usb devfs handle */
extern devfs_handle_t usb_devfs_handle;
/* local function prototypes */
static ssize_t mx_read (struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t
*ppos);
static ssize_t mx_write (struct file *file, const char *buffer, size_t count,
loff_t *ppos);
static int mx_ioctl (struct inode *inode, struct file *file,
unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
static int mx_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
static int mx_release (struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
static void * mx_probe (struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int ifnum, const
struct usb_device_id *id);
static void mx_disconnect (struct usb_device *dev, void *ptr);
static void mx_write_bulk_callback (struct urb *urb);
/* array of pointers to our devices that are currently connected */
static struct usb_mx *minor_table[MAX_DEVICES];
/* lock to protect the minor_table structure */
static DECLARE_MUTEX (minor_table_mutex);
/*
* File operations needed when we register this driver.
* This assumes that this driver NEEDS file operations,
* of course, which means that the driver is expected
* to have a node in the /dev directory. If the USB
* device were for a network interface then the driver
* would use "struct net_driver" instead, and a serial
* device would use "struct tty_driver".
*/
static struct file_operations mx_fops = {
/*
* The owner field is part of the module-locking
* mechanism. The idea is that the kernel knows
* which module to increment the use-counter of
* BEFORE it calls the device's open() function.
* This also means that the kernel can decrement
* the use-counter again before calling release()
* or should the open() function fail.
*
* Not all device structures have an "owner" field
* yet. "struct file_operations" and "struct net_device"
* do, while "struct tty_driver" does not. If the struct
* has an "owner" field, then initialize it to the value
* THIS_MODULE and the kernel will handle all module
* locking for you automatically. Otherwise, you must
* increment the use-counter in the open() function
* and decrement it again in the release() function
* yourself.
*/
owner: THIS_MODULE,
read: mx_read,
write: mx_write,
ioctl: mx_ioctl,
open: mx_open,
release: mx_release,
};
/* usb specific object needed to register this driver with the usb subsystem */
static struct usb_driver mx_driver = {
name: "MX",
probe: mx_probe,
disconnect: mx_disconnect,
fops: &mx_fops,
minor: USB_MX_MINOR_BASE,
id_table: mx_table,
};
/**
* usb_mx_debug_data
*/
static inline void usb_mx_debug_data (const char *function, int size, const
unsigned char *data)
{
int i;
if (!debug)
return;
printk (KERN_DEBUG __FILE__": %s - length = %d, data = ",
function, size);
for (i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
printk ("%.2x ", data[i]);
}
printk ("\n");
}
/**
* mx_delete
*/
static inline void mx_delete (struct usb_mx *dev)
{
minor_table[dev->minor] = NULL;
if (dev->bulk_in_buffer != NULL)
kfree (dev->bulk_in_buffer);
if (dev->bulk_out_buffer != NULL)
kfree (dev->bulk_out_buffer);
if (dev->write_urb != NULL)
usb_free_urb (dev->write_urb);
kfree (dev);
}
/**
* mx_open
*/
static int mx_open (struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct usb_mx *dev = NULL;
int subminor;
int retval = 0;
dbg(__FUNCTION__);
subminor = MINOR (inode->i_rdev) - USB_MX_MINOR_BASE;
if ((subminor < 0) ||
(subminor >= MAX_DEVICES)) {
return -ENODEV;
}
/* Increment our usage count for the module.
* This is redundant here, because "struct file_operations"
* has an "owner" field. This line is included here soley as
* a reference for drivers using lesser structures... ;-)
*/
MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;
/* lock our minor table and get our local data for this minor */
down (&minor_table_mutex);
dev = minor_table[subminor];
if (dev == NULL) {
up (&minor_table_mutex);
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
return -ENODEV;
}
/* lock this device */
down (&dev->sem);
/* unlock the minor table */
up (&minor_table_mutex);
/* increment our usage count for the driver */
++dev->open_count;
/* save our object in the file's private structure */
file->private_data = dev;
/* unlock this device */
up (&dev->sem);
return retval;
}
/**
* mx_release
*/
static int mx_release (struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct usb_mx *dev;
int retval = 0;
dev = (struct usb_mx *)file->private_data;
if (dev == NULL) {
dbg (__FUNCTION__ " - object is NULL");
return -ENODEV;
}
dbg(__FUNCTION__ " - minor %d", dev->minor);
/* lock our minor table */
down (&minor_table_mutex);
/* lock our device */
down (&dev->sem);
if (dev->open_count <= 0) {
dbg (__FUNCTION__ " - device not opened");
retval = -ENODEV;
goto exit_not_opened;
}
if (dev->udev == NULL) {
/* the device was unplugged before the file was released */
up (&dev->sem);
mx_delete (dev);
up (&minor_table_mutex);
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
return 0;
}
/* decrement our usage count for the device */
--dev->open_count;
if (dev->open_count <= 0) {
/* shutdown any bulk writes that might be going on */
usb_unlink_urb (dev->write_urb);
dev->open_count = 0;
}
/* decrement our usage count for the module */
MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;
exit_not_opened:
up (&dev->sem);
up (&minor_table_mutex);
return retval;
}
/**
* mx_read
*/
static ssize_t mx_read (struct file *file, char *buffer, size_t count, loff_t
*ppos)
{
struct usb_mx *dev;
int retval = 0;
dev = (struct usb_mx *)file->private_data;
dbg(__FUNCTION__ " - minor %d, count = %d", dev->minor, count);
/* lock this object */
down (&dev->sem);
/* verify that the device wasn't unplugged */
if (dev->udev == NULL) {
up (&dev->sem);
return -ENODEV;
}
/* do an immediate bulk read to get data from the device */
retval = usb_bulk_msg (dev->udev,
usb_rcvbulkpipe (dev->udev,
dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr),
dev->bulk_in_buffer, dev->bulk_in_size,
&count, HZ*10);
/* if the read was successful, copy the data to userspace */
if (!retval) {
if (copy_to_user (buffer, dev->bulk_in_buffer, count))
retval = -EFAULT;
else
retval = count;
}
/* unlock the device */
up (&dev->sem);
return retval;
}
/**
* mx_write
*/
static ssize_t mx_write (struct file *file, const char *buffer, size_t count,
loff_t *ppos)
{
struct usb_mx *dev;
ssize_t bytes_written = 0;
int retval = 0;
dev = (struct usb_mx *)file->private_data;
dbg(__FUNCTION__ " - minor %d, count = %d", dev->minor, count);
/* lock this object */
down (&dev->sem);
/* verify that the device wasn't unplugged */
if (dev->udev == NULL) {
retval = -ENODEV;
goto exit;
}
/* verify that we actually have some data to write */
if (count == 0) {
dbg(__FUNCTION__ " - write request of 0 bytes");
goto exit;
}
/* see if we are already in the middle of a write */
if (dev->write_urb->status == -EINPROGRESS) {
dbg (__FUNCTION__ " - already writing");
goto exit;
}
/* we can only write as much as 1 urb will hold */
bytes_written = (count > dev->bulk_out_size) ?
dev->bulk_out_size : count;
/* copy the data from userspace into our urb */
if (copy_from_user(dev->write_urb->transfer_buffer, buffer,
bytes_written)) {
retval = -EFAULT;
goto exit;
}
usb_mx_debug_data (__FUNCTION__, bytes_written,
dev->write_urb->transfer_buffer);
/* set up our urb */
FILL_BULK_URB(dev->write_urb, dev->udev,
usb_sndbulkpipe(dev->udev, dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr),
dev->write_urb->transfer_buffer, bytes_written,
mx_write_bulk_callback, dev);
/* send the data out the bulk port */
retval = usb_submit_urb(dev->write_urb);
if (retval) {
err(__FUNCTION__ " - failed submitting write urb, error %d",
retval);
} else {
retval = bytes_written;
}
exit:
/* unlock the device */
up (&dev->sem);
return retval;
}
/**
* mx_ioctl
*/
static int mx_ioctl (struct inode *inode, struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
unsigned long arg)
{
struct usb_mx *dev;
dev = (struct usb_mx *)file->private_data;
/* lock this object */
down (&dev->sem);
/* verify that the device wasn't unplugged */
if (dev->udev == NULL) {
up (&dev->sem);
return -ENODEV;
}
dbg(__FUNCTION__ " - minor %d, cmd 0x%.4x, arg %ld",
dev->minor, cmd, arg);
/* fill in your device specific stuff here */
/* unlock the device */
up (&dev->sem);
/* return that we did not understand this ioctl call */
return -ENOTTY;
}
/**
* mx_write_bulk_callback
*/
static void mx_write_bulk_callback (struct urb *urb)
{
struct usb_mx *dev = (struct usb_mx *)urb->context;
dbg(__FUNCTION__ " - minor %d", dev->minor);
if ((urb->status != -ENOENT) &&
(urb->status != -ECONNRESET)) {
dbg(__FUNCTION__ " - nonzero write bulk status received: %d",
urb->status);
return;
}
return;
}
/**
* mx_probe
*
* Called by the usb core when a new device is connected that it thinks
* this driver might be interested in.
*/
static void * mx_probe(struct usb_device *udev, unsigned int ifnum, const
struct usb_device_id *id)
{
struct usb_mx *dev = NULL;
struct usb_interface *interface;
struct usb_interface_descriptor *iface_desc;
struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
int minor;
int buffer_size;
int i;
char name[10];
/* See if the device offered us matches what we can accept */
if ((udev->descriptor.idVendor != USB_MX_VENDOR_ID) ||
(udev->descriptor.idProduct != USB_MX_PRODUCT_ID)) {
return NULL;
}
/* select a "subminor" number (part of a minor number) */
down (&minor_table_mutex);
for (minor = 0; minor < MAX_DEVICES; ++minor) {
if (minor_table[minor] == NULL)
break;
}
if (minor >= MAX_DEVICES) {
info ("Too many devices plugged in, can not handle this
device.");
goto exit;
}
/* allocate memory for our device state and intialize it */
dev = kmalloc (sizeof(struct usb_mx), GFP_KERNEL);
if (dev == NULL) {
err ("Out of memory");
goto exit;
}
memset (dev, 0x00, sizeof (*dev));
minor_table[minor] = dev;
interface = &udev->actconfig->interface[ifnum];
init_MUTEX (&dev->sem);
dev->udev = udev;
dev->interface = interface;
dev->minor = minor;
/* set up the endpoint information */
/* check out the endpoints */
iface_desc = &interface->altsetting[0];
for (i = 0; i < iface_desc->bNumEndpoints; ++i) {
endpoint = &iface_desc->endpoint[i];
if ((endpoint->bEndpointAddress & 0x80) &&
((endpoint->bmAttributes & 3) == 0x02)) {
/* we found a bulk in endpoint */
buffer_size = endpoint->wMaxPacketSize;
dev->bulk_in_size = buffer_size;
dev->bulk_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
dev->bulk_in_buffer = kmalloc (buffer_size, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dev->bulk_in_buffer) {
err("Couldn't allocate bulk_in_buffer");
goto error;
}
}
if (((endpoint->bEndpointAddress & 0x80) == 0x00) &&
((endpoint->bmAttributes & 3) == 0x02)) {
/* we found a bulk out endpoint */
dev->write_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0);
if (!dev->write_urb) {
err("No free urbs available");
goto error;
}
buffer_size = endpoint->wMaxPacketSize;
dev->bulk_out_size = buffer_size;
dev->bulk_out_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;
dev->bulk_out_buffer = kmalloc (buffer_size,
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!dev->bulk_out_buffer) {
err("Couldn't allocate bulk_out_buffer");
goto error;
}
FILL_BULK_URB(dev->write_urb, udev,
usb_sndbulkpipe(udev,
endpoint->bEndpointAddress),
dev->bulk_out_buffer, buffer_size,
mx_write_bulk_callback, dev);
}
}
/* initialize the devfs node for this device and register it */
sprintf(name, "mx%d", dev->minor);
dev->devfs = devfs_register (usb_devfs_handle, name,
DEVFS_FL_DEFAULT, USB_MAJOR,
USB_MX_MINOR_BASE + dev->minor,
S_IFCHR | S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR |
S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH,
&mx_fops, NULL);
/* let the user know what node this device is now attached to */
info ("USB Skeleton device now attached to USBSkel%d", dev->minor);
goto exit;
error:
mx_delete (dev);
dev = NULL;
exit:
up (&minor_table_mutex);
return dev;
}
/**
* mx_disconnect
*
* Called by the usb core when the device is removed from the system.
*/
static void mx_disconnect(struct usb_device *udev, void *ptr)
{
struct usb_mx *dev;
int minor;
dev = (struct usb_mx *)ptr;
down (&minor_table_mutex);
down (&dev->sem);
minor = dev->minor;
/* remove our devfs node */
devfs_unregister(dev->devfs);
/* if the device is not opened, then we clean up right now */
if (!dev->open_count) {
up (&dev->sem);
mx_delete (dev);
} else {
dev->udev = NULL;
up (&dev->sem);
}
info("USB Skeleton #%d now disconnected", minor);
up (&minor_table_mutex);
}
/**
* usb_mx_init
*/
static int __init usb_mx_init(void)
{
int result;
/* register this driver with the USB subsystem */
result = usb_register(&mx_driver);
if (result < 0) {
err("usb_register failed for the "__FILE__" driver. Error
number %d",
result);
return -1;
}
info(DRIVER_DESC " " DRIVER_VERSION);
return 0;
}
/**
* usb_mx_exit
*/
static void __exit usb_mx_exit(void)
{
/* deregister this driver with the USB subsystem */
usb_deregister(&mx_driver);
}
module_init (usb_mx_init);
module_exit (usb_mx_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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