The EFI firmware on Macs contains a full-fledged network stack for downloading OS X images from osrecovery.apple.com. Unfortunately on Macs introduced 2011 and 2012, EFI brings up the Broadcom 4331 wireless card on every boot and leaves it enabled even after ExitBootServices has been called. The card continues to assert its IRQ line, causing spurious interrupts if the IRQ is shared. It also corrupts memory by DMAing received packets, allowing for remote code execution over the air. This only stops when a driver is loaded for the wireless card, which may be never if the driver is not installed or blacklisted.
The issue seems to be constrained to the Broadcom 4331. Chris Milsted has verified that the newer Broadcom 4360 built into the MacBookPro11,3 (2013/2014) does not exhibit this behaviour. The chances that Apple will ever supply a firmware fix for the older machines appear to be zero. The solution is to reset the card on boot by writing to a reset bit in its mmio space. This must be done as an early quirk and not as a plain vanilla PCI quirk to successfully combat memory corruption by DMAed packets: Matthew Garrett found out in 2012 that the packets are written to EfiBootServicesData memory (http://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/11235.html). This type of memory is made available to the page allocator by efi_free_boot_services(). Plain vanilla PCI quirks run much later, in subsys initcall level. In-between a time window would be open for memory corruption. Random crashes occurring in this time window and attributed to DMAed packets have indeed been observed in the wild by Chris Bainbridge. When Matthew Garrett analyzed the memory corruption issue in 2012, he sought to fix it with a grub quirk which transitions the card to D3hot: http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/grub.git/commit/?id=9d34bb85da56 This approach does not help users with other bootloaders and while it may prevent DMAed packets, it does not cure the spurious interrupts emanating from the card. Unfortunately the card's mmio space is inaccessible in D3hot, so to reset it, we have to undo the effect of Matthew's grub patch and transition the card back to D0. Since commit 8659c406ade3 ("x86: only scan the root bus in early PCI quirks"), early quirks can only be applied to devices on the root bus. However the Broadcom 4331 card is located on a secondary bus behind a PCIe root port. The present commit therefore reintroduces scanning of secondary buses. The primary motivation of 8659c406ade3 was to prevent application of the nvidia_bugs() quirk on secondary buses. Amend the quirk to open code this requirement. A secondary motivation was to speed up PCI scanning. The algorithm used prior to 8659c406ade3 was particularly time consuming because it scanned buses 0 to 31 brute force. The recursive algorithm used by the present commit only scans buses that are actually reachable from the root bus and should thus be a bit faster. If this algorithm is found to significantly impact boot time, it would be possible to limit its recursion depth: The Apple AirPort quirk applies at depth 1, all others at depth 0, so the bus need not be scanned deeper than that for now. An alternative approach would be to continue scanning only the root bus, and apply the AirPort quirk to the root ports 8086:1c12, 8086:1e12 and 8086:1e16. Apple always positioned the Broadcom 4331 behind one of these three ports (see model list below). The quirk would then check presence of the Broadcom 4331 in slot 0 below the root port and do its deed. Note that the quirk takes a few shortcuts to reduce the amount of code: The size of BAR 0 and the location of the PM capability is identical on all affected machines and therefore hardcoded. Only the address of BAR 0 differs between models. Also, it is assumed that the BCMA core currently mapped is the 802.11 core. The EFI driver seems to always take care of this. Michael Büsch, Bjorn Helgaas and Matt Fleming contributed feedback towards finding the best solution to this problem. The following should be a comprehensive list of affected models: iMac13,1 2012 21.5" [Root Port 00:1c.3 = 8086:1e16] iMac13,2 2012 27" [Root Port 00:1c.3 = 8086:1e16] Macmini5,1 2011 i5 2.3 GHz [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1c12] Macmini5,2 2011 i5 2.5 GHz [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1c12] Macmini5,3 2011 i7 2.0 GHz [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1c12] Macmini6,1 2012 i5 2.5 GHz [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1e12] Macmini6,2 2012 i7 2.3 GHz [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1e12] MacBookPro8,1 2011 13" [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1c12] MacBookPro8,2 2011 15" [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1c12] MacBookPro8,3 2011 17" [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1c12] MacBookPro9,1 2012 15" [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1e12] MacBookPro9,2 2012 13" [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1e12] MacBookPro10,1 2012 15" [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1e12] MacBookPro10,2 2012 13" [Root Port 00:1c.1 = 8086:1e12] For posterity, spurious interrupts caused by the Broadcom 4331 wireless card resulted in splats like this (stacktrace omitted): irq 17: nobody cared (try booting with the "irqpoll" option) handlers: [<ffffffff81374370>] pcie_isr [<ffffffffc0704550>] sdhci_irq [sdhci] threaded [<ffffffffc07013c0>] sdhci_thread_irq [sdhci] [<ffffffffc0a0b960>] azx_interrupt [snd_hda_codec] Disabling IRQ #17 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=79301 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=111781 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=728916 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=895951#c16 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1009819 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1098621 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1149632#c5 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1279130 Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1332732 Cc: Chris Milsted <cmils...@redhat.com> Cc: Matthew Garrett <mj...@srcf.ucam.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <a...@linux.intel.com> Cc: Michael Buesch <m...@bues.ch> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelg...@google.com> Cc: Matt Fleming <m...@codeblueprint.co.uk> Cc: x...@kernel.org Cc: sta...@vger.kernel.org Tested-by: Konstantin Simanov <k.sima...@stlk.ru> # [MacBookPro8,1] Tested-by: Lukas Wunner <lu...@wunner.de> # [MacBookPro9,1] Tested-by: Bryan Paradis <bryan.para...@gmail.com> # [MacBookPro9,2] Tested-by: Andrew Worsley <amwors...@gmail.com> # [MacBookPro10,1] Tested-by: Chris Bainbridge <chris.bainbri...@gmail.com> # [MacBookPro10,2] Signed-off-by: Lukas Wunner <lu...@wunner.de> Acked-by: Rafał Miłecki <zaj...@gmail.com> --- arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c | 98 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------ drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h | 2 - include/linux/bcma/bcma.h | 1 + 3 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c b/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c index bca14c8..2d44f28 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/early-quirks.c @@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ #include <linux/pci.h> #include <linux/acpi.h> +#include <linux/delay.h> +#include <linux/dmi.h> #include <linux/pci_ids.h> +#include <linux/bcma/bcma.h> +#include <linux/bcma/bcma_regs.h> #include <drm/i915_drm.h> #include <asm/pci-direct.h> #include <asm/dma.h> @@ -21,6 +25,7 @@ #include <asm/iommu.h> #include <asm/gart.h> #include <asm/irq_remapping.h> +#include <asm/early_ioremap.h> static void __init fix_hypertransport_config(int num, int slot, int func) { @@ -76,6 +81,13 @@ static void __init nvidia_bugs(int num, int slot, int func) #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI #ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC /* + * Only applies to Nvidia root ports (bus 0) and not to + * Nvidia graphics cards with PCI ports on secondary buses. + */ + if (num) + return; + + /* * All timer overrides on Nvidia are * wrong unless HPET is enabled. * Unfortunately that's not true on many Asus boards. @@ -590,6 +602,57 @@ static void __init force_disable_hpet(int num, int slot, int func) #endif } +#define BCM4331_MMIO_SIZE 16384 +#define BCM4331_PM_CAP 0x40 +#define bcma_aread32(reg) ioread32(mmio + 1 * BCMA_CORE_SIZE + reg) +#define bcma_awrite32(reg, val) iowrite32(val, mmio + 1 * BCMA_CORE_SIZE + reg) + +static void __init apple_airport_reset(int bus, int slot, int func) +{ + void __iomem *mmio; + u16 pmcsr; + u64 addr; + int i; + + if (!dmi_match(DMI_SYS_VENDOR, "Apple Inc.")) + return; + + /* Card may have been put into PCI_D3hot by grub quirk */ + pmcsr = read_pci_config_16(bus, slot, func, + BCM4331_PM_CAP + PCI_PM_CTRL); + if ((pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK) != PCI_D0) { + pmcsr &= ~PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK; + write_pci_config_16(bus, slot, func, + BCM4331_PM_CAP + PCI_PM_CTRL, pmcsr); + mdelay(10); + pmcsr = read_pci_config_16(bus, slot, func, + BCM4331_PM_CAP + PCI_PM_CTRL); + if ((pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK) != PCI_D0) { + pr_err("Cannot power up Apple AirPort card\n"); + return; + } + } + + addr = read_pci_config(bus, slot, func, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0); + addr |= (u64)read_pci_config(bus, slot, func, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_1) << 32; + addr &= PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_MASK; + mmio = early_ioremap(addr, BCM4331_MMIO_SIZE); + if (!mmio) { + pr_err("Cannot iomap Apple AirPort card\n"); + return; + } + + pr_info("Resetting Apple AirPort card\n"); + for (i = 0; bcma_aread32(BCMA_RESET_ST) && i < 30; i++) + udelay(10); + bcma_awrite32(BCMA_RESET_CTL, BCMA_RESET_CTL_RESET); + bcma_aread32(BCMA_RESET_CTL); + udelay(1); + bcma_awrite32(BCMA_RESET_CTL, 0); + bcma_aread32(BCMA_RESET_CTL); + udelay(10); + early_iounmap(mmio, BCM4331_MMIO_SIZE); +} #define QFLAG_APPLY_ONCE 0x1 #define QFLAG_APPLIED 0x2 @@ -603,12 +666,6 @@ struct chipset { void (*f)(int num, int slot, int func); }; -/* - * Only works for devices on the root bus. If you add any devices - * not on bus 0 readd another loop level in early_quirks(). But - * be careful because at least the Nvidia quirk here relies on - * only matching on bus 0. - */ static struct chipset early_qrk[] __initdata = { { PCI_VENDOR_ID_NVIDIA, PCI_ANY_ID, PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_PCI, PCI_ANY_ID, QFLAG_APPLY_ONCE, nvidia_bugs }, @@ -638,9 +695,13 @@ static struct chipset early_qrk[] __initdata = { */ { PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL, 0x0f00, PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_HOST, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, force_disable_hpet}, + { PCI_VENDOR_ID_BROADCOM, 0x4331, + PCI_CLASS_NETWORK_OTHER, PCI_ANY_ID, 0, apple_airport_reset}, {} }; +static void __init early_pci_scan_bus(int bus); + /** * check_dev_quirk - apply early quirks to a given PCI device * @num: bus number @@ -649,7 +710,7 @@ static struct chipset early_qrk[] __initdata = { * * Check the vendor & device ID against the early quirks table. * - * If the device is single function, let early_quirks() know so we don't + * If the device is single function, let early_pci_scan_bus() know so we don't * poke at this device again. */ static int __init check_dev_quirk(int num, int slot, int func) @@ -658,6 +719,7 @@ static int __init check_dev_quirk(int num, int slot, int func) u16 vendor; u16 device; u8 type; + u8 sec; int i; class = read_pci_config_16(num, slot, func, PCI_CLASS_DEVICE); @@ -685,25 +747,35 @@ static int __init check_dev_quirk(int num, int slot, int func) type = read_pci_config_byte(num, slot, func, PCI_HEADER_TYPE); + + if ((type & 0x7f) == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE) { + sec = read_pci_config_byte(num, slot, func, PCI_SECONDARY_BUS); + early_pci_scan_bus(sec); + } + if (!(type & 0x80)) return -1; return 0; } -void __init early_quirks(void) +static void __init early_pci_scan_bus(int bus) { int slot, func; - if (!early_pci_allowed()) - return; - /* Poor man's PCI discovery */ - /* Only scan the root bus */ for (slot = 0; slot < 32; slot++) for (func = 0; func < 8; func++) { /* Only probe function 0 on single fn devices */ - if (check_dev_quirk(0, slot, func)) + if (check_dev_quirk(bus, slot, func)) break; } } + +void __init early_quirks(void) +{ + if (!early_pci_allowed()) + return; + + early_pci_scan_bus(0); +} diff --git a/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h b/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h index eda0909..f642c42 100644 --- a/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h +++ b/drivers/bcma/bcma_private.h @@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ #include <linux/bcma/bcma.h> #include <linux/delay.h> -#define BCMA_CORE_SIZE 0x1000 - #define bcma_err(bus, fmt, ...) \ pr_err("bus%d: " fmt, (bus)->num, ##__VA_ARGS__) #define bcma_warn(bus, fmt, ...) \ diff --git a/include/linux/bcma/bcma.h b/include/linux/bcma/bcma.h index 0367c63..5c37b58 100644 --- a/include/linux/bcma/bcma.h +++ b/include/linux/bcma/bcma.h @@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ struct bcma_host_ops { #define BCMA_CORE_DEFAULT 0xFFF #define BCMA_MAX_NR_CORES 16 +#define BCMA_CORE_SIZE 0x1000 /* Chip IDs of PCIe devices */ #define BCMA_CHIP_ID_BCM4313 0x4313 -- 2.8.1 -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-wireless" in the body of a message to majord...@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
