grep
grep [options] pattern [files]
Search one or more files for lines that match a
regular expression pattern. Regular expressions are
described in Chapter 9. Exit status is 0 if any lines
match, 1 if none match, and 2 for errors. See also
egrep and fgrep.
Options
-a, --text
Don't suppress output lines with binary data;
treat as text.
-b, --byte-offset
Print the byte offset within the input file before
each line of output.
-c, --count
Print only a count of matched lines. With -v or
--revert-match option, count nonmatching lines.
-d action, --directories=action
Define an action for processing directories.
Possible actions are:
read
Read directories like ordinary files
(default).
skip
Skip directories.
recurse
Recursively read all files under each
directory. Same as -r.
-e pattern, --regexp=pattern
Search for pattern. Same as specifying a pattern
as an argument, but useful in protecting patterns
beginning with -.
-f file, --file=file
Take a list of patterns from file, one per line.
-h, --no-filename
Print matched lines but not filenames (inverse of
-l).
-i, --ignore-case
Ignore uppercase and lowercase distinctions.
-l, --files-with-matches
List the names of files with matches but not
individual matched lines; scanning per file stops on
the first match.
--mmap
Try to use memory mapping (mmap) to read input in
order to save time.
-n, --line-number
Print lines and their line numbers.
-q, --quiet, --silent
Suppress normal output in favor of quiet mode;
scanning stops on the first match.
-r, --recursive
Recursively read all files under each directory.
Same as -d recurse.
-s, --no-messages
Suppress error messages about nonexistent or
unreadable files.
-v, --invert-match
Print all lines that don't match pattern.
-w, --word-regexp
Match on whole words only. Words are divided by
characters that are not letters, digits, or
underscores.
-x, --line-regexp
Print lines only if pattern matches the entire
line.
-A num, --after-context=num
Print num lines of text that occur after the
matching line.
-B num, --before-context=num
Print num lines of text that occur before the
matching line.
-C[num], --context[=num], -num
Print num lines of leading and trailing context.
Default context is 2 lines.
-E, -extended-regexp
Act like egrep, recognizing extended regular
expressions such as (UN|POS)IX to find UNIX and POSIX.
-F, --fixed-strings
Act like fgrep, recognizing only fixed strings
instead of regular expressions. Useful when searching
for characters that grep normally recognizes as
metacharacters.
-G, --basic-regexp
Expect the regular expressions traditionally
recognized by grep (the default).
-H, --with-filename
Display, before each line found, the name of the
file containing the line. This is done by default if
multiple files are submitted to a single grep command.
-V, --version
Print the version number and then exit.
-Z, --null
When displaying filenames, follow each with a zero
byte instead of a colon.
Examples
List the number of users who use tcsh:
grep -c /bin/tcsh /etc/passwd
List header files that have at least one #include
directive:
grep -l '^#include' /usr/include/*
List files that don't contain pattern:
grep -c pattern files | grep :0
=================================
thanks :)
shashidhar b desai
Gnu/Linux Hubli User Group[ILUG-Hubli]
http://www.lug.homelinux.org
-------------------------------------------
http://www.indianinside.info
"Try not. Do or do not, there is no try..."
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