Implement the APIs:
- odp_packet_ref_static()
- odp_packet_ref()
- odp_packet_ref_pkt()
- odp_packet_is_ref()
- odp_packet_has_ref()
- odp_packet_unshared_len()

This also involves functional upgrades to the existing packet manipulation
APIs to work with packet references as input.

Signed-off-by: Bill Fischofer <bill.fischo...@linaro.org>
---
 .../linux-generic/include/odp_packet_internal.h    |  68 ++-
 platform/linux-generic/odp_packet.c                | 484 +++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 458 insertions(+), 94 deletions(-)

diff --git a/platform/linux-generic/include/odp_packet_internal.h 
b/platform/linux-generic/include/odp_packet_internal.h
index d09231e..74568cf 100644
--- a/platform/linux-generic/include/odp_packet_internal.h
+++ b/platform/linux-generic/include/odp_packet_internal.h
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ typedef struct {
  * packet_init(). Because of this any new fields added must be reviewed for
  * initialization requirements.
  */
-typedef struct {
+typedef struct odp_packet_hdr_t {
        /* common buffer header */
        odp_buffer_hdr_t buf_hdr;
 
@@ -178,6 +178,13 @@ typedef struct {
        uint32_t headroom;
        uint32_t tailroom;
 
+       /* Fields used to support packet references */
+       odp_atomic_u32_t ref_count;  /* Number of refs to this pkt/seg */
+       uint32_t unshared_len;       /* Offset that sharing starts at */
+       uint32_t ref_offset;         /* Offset into base pkt for this ref */
+       uint32_t ref_len;            /* frame_len at time this ref created */
+       struct odp_packet_hdr_t *ref_hdr; /* Ptr to the base pkt for this ref */
+
        odp_pktio_t input;
 
        /* Members below are not initialized by packet_init() */
@@ -200,6 +207,50 @@ static inline odp_packet_hdr_t 
*odp_packet_hdr(odp_packet_t pkt)
        return (odp_packet_hdr_t *)buf_hdl_to_hdr((odp_buffer_t)pkt);
 }
 
+static inline odp_packet_hdr_t *odp_packet_last_hdr(odp_packet_t pkt,
+                                                   uint32_t *offset)
+{
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *prev_hdr = pkt_hdr;
+       uint32_t ref_offset = 0;
+
+       while (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr) {
+               ref_offset = pkt_hdr->ref_offset;
+               prev_hdr   = pkt_hdr;
+               pkt_hdr    = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+       }
+
+       if (offset) {
+               if (prev_hdr != pkt_hdr)
+                       ref_offset += pkt_hdr->frame_len - prev_hdr->ref_len;
+               *offset = ref_offset;
+       }
+
+       return pkt_hdr;
+}
+
+static inline odp_packet_hdr_t *odp_packet_prev_hdr(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr,
+                                                   odp_packet_hdr_t *cur_hdr,
+                                                   uint32_t *offset)
+{
+       uint32_t ref_offset = 0;
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *prev_hdr = pkt_hdr;
+
+       while (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr != cur_hdr) {
+               ref_offset = pkt_hdr->ref_offset;
+               prev_hdr   = pkt_hdr;
+               pkt_hdr    = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+       }
+
+       if (offset) {
+               if (prev_hdr != pkt_hdr)
+                       ref_offset += pkt_hdr->frame_len - prev_hdr->ref_len;
+               *offset = ref_offset;
+       }
+
+       return pkt_hdr;
+}
+
 static inline void copy_packet_parser_metadata(odp_packet_hdr_t *src_hdr,
                                               odp_packet_hdr_t *dst_hdr)
 {
@@ -222,12 +273,25 @@ static inline void pull_tail(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, 
uint32_t len)
 
        pkt_hdr->tailroom  += len;
        pkt_hdr->frame_len -= len;
+       pkt_hdr->unshared_len -= len;
        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[last].len -= len;
 }
 
 static inline uint32_t packet_len(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
 {
-       return pkt_hdr->frame_len;
+       uint32_t pkt_len = 0;
+       uint32_t offset  = 0;
+
+       do {
+               pkt_len += pkt_hdr->frame_len - offset;
+               offset   = pkt_hdr->ref_offset;
+               if (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr)
+                       offset += (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr->frame_len -
+                                  pkt_hdr->ref_len);
+               pkt_hdr  = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+       } while (pkt_hdr);
+
+       return pkt_len;
 }
 
 static inline void packet_set_len(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, uint32_t len)
diff --git a/platform/linux-generic/odp_packet.c 
b/platform/linux-generic/odp_packet.c
index 58b6f32..433511c 100644
--- a/platform/linux-generic/odp_packet.c
+++ b/platform/linux-generic/odp_packet.c
@@ -30,13 +30,34 @@ static inline odp_buffer_t buffer_handle(odp_packet_hdr_t 
*pkt_hdr)
        return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.handle.handle;
 }
 
+static inline uint32_t packet_ref_count(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
+{
+       return odp_atomic_load_u32(&pkt_hdr->ref_count);
+}
+
+static inline void packet_ref_count_set(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, uint32_t n)
+{
+       odp_atomic_init_u32(&pkt_hdr->ref_count, n);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t packet_ref_inc(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
+{
+       return odp_atomic_fetch_inc_u32(&pkt_hdr->ref_count);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t packet_ref_dec(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
+{
+       return odp_atomic_fetch_dec_u32(&pkt_hdr->ref_count);
+}
+
 static inline uint32_t packet_seg_len(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr,
                                      uint32_t seg_idx)
 {
        return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[seg_idx].len;
 }
 
-static inline void *packet_seg_data(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, uint32_t 
seg_idx)
+static inline uint8_t *packet_seg_data(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr,
+                                      uint32_t seg_idx)
 {
        return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[seg_idx].data;
 }
@@ -49,6 +70,11 @@ static inline int packet_last_seg(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
                return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount - 1;
 }
 
+static inline void *packet_data(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
+{
+       return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[0].data;
+}
+
 static inline uint32_t packet_first_seg_len(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
 {
        return packet_seg_len(pkt_hdr, 0);
@@ -61,11 +87,6 @@ static inline uint32_t packet_last_seg_len(odp_packet_hdr_t 
*pkt_hdr)
        return packet_seg_len(pkt_hdr, last);
 }
 
-static inline void *packet_data(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
-{
-       return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[0].data;
-}
-
 static inline void *packet_tail(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
 {
        int last = packet_last_seg(pkt_hdr);
@@ -96,6 +117,7 @@ static inline void push_head(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, 
uint32_t len)
 {
        pkt_hdr->headroom  -= len;
        pkt_hdr->frame_len += len;
+       pkt_hdr->unshared_len += len;
        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[0].data -= len;
        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[0].len  += len;
 }
@@ -104,6 +126,7 @@ static inline void pull_head(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, 
uint32_t len)
 {
        pkt_hdr->headroom  += len;
        pkt_hdr->frame_len -= len;
+       pkt_hdr->unshared_len -= len;
        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[0].data += len;
        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[0].len  -= len;
 }
@@ -114,6 +137,7 @@ static inline void push_tail(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, 
uint32_t len)
 
        pkt_hdr->tailroom  -= len;
        pkt_hdr->frame_len += len;
+       pkt_hdr->unshared_len += len;
        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[last].len += len;
 }
 
@@ -141,6 +165,10 @@ static inline void packet_seg_copy_md(odp_packet_hdr_t 
*dst,
        dst->buf_hdr.uarea_addr = src->buf_hdr.uarea_addr;
        dst->buf_hdr.uarea_size = src->buf_hdr.uarea_size;
 
+       /* reference related metadata */
+       dst->ref_len      = src->ref_len;
+       dst->unshared_len = src->unshared_len;
+
        /* segmentation data is not copied:
         *   buf_hdr.seg[]
         *   buf_hdr.segcount
@@ -155,7 +183,15 @@ static inline void *packet_map(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr,
        int seg = 0;
        int seg_count = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
 
-       if (odp_unlikely(offset >= pkt_hdr->frame_len))
+       /* Special processing for references */
+       while (offset >= pkt_hdr->frame_len && pkt_hdr->ref_hdr) {
+               offset   -= (pkt_hdr->frame_len - pkt_hdr->ref_offset);
+               offset   += (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr->frame_len - pkt_hdr->ref_len);
+               pkt_hdr   = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+               seg_count = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
+       }
+
+       if (odp_unlikely(offset > pkt_hdr->frame_len))
                return NULL;
 
        if (odp_likely(CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS == 1 || seg_count == 1)) {
@@ -249,6 +285,11 @@ static inline void packet_init(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, 
uint32_t len,
                             CONFIG_PACKET_TAILROOM;
 
        pkt_hdr->input = ODP_PKTIO_INVALID;
+
+       /* By default packet has no references */
+       pkt_hdr->ref_hdr = NULL;
+       pkt_hdr->ref_offset = 0;
+       pkt_hdr->unshared_len = len;
 }
 
 static inline odp_packet_hdr_t *init_segments(odp_buffer_t buf[], int num)
@@ -261,6 +302,7 @@ static inline odp_packet_hdr_t *init_segments(odp_buffer_t 
buf[], int num)
 
        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[0].data = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.base_data;
        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[0].len  = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.base_len;
+       packet_ref_count_set(pkt_hdr, 1);
 
        /* Link segments */
        if (odp_unlikely(CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS != 1)) {
@@ -272,6 +314,7 @@ static inline odp_packet_hdr_t *init_segments(odp_buffer_t 
buf[], int num)
                                odp_buffer_hdr_t *b_hdr;
 
                                hdr   = odp_packet_hdr((odp_packet_t)buf[i]);
+                               packet_ref_count_set(hdr, 1);
                                b_hdr = &hdr->buf_hdr;
 
                                pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].hdr  = hdr;
@@ -399,13 +442,18 @@ static inline odp_packet_hdr_t 
*add_segments(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr,
 
 static inline void free_bufs(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, int first, int num)
 {
-       int i;
+       int i, nfree;
        odp_buffer_t buf[num];
 
-       for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
-               buf[i] = buffer_handle(pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[first + i].hdr);
+       for (i = 0, nfree = 0; i < num; i++) {
+               odp_packet_hdr_t *hdr = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[first + i].hdr;
+
+               if (packet_ref_dec(hdr) == 1)
+                       buf[nfree++] = buffer_handle(hdr);
+       }
 
-       buffer_free_multi(buf, num);
+       if (nfree > 0)
+               buffer_free_multi(buf, nfree);
 }
 
 static inline odp_packet_hdr_t *free_segments(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr,
@@ -416,11 +464,15 @@ static inline odp_packet_hdr_t 
*free_segments(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr,
 
        if (head) {
                odp_packet_hdr_t *new_hdr;
-               int i;
+               int i, nfree;
                odp_buffer_t buf[num];
 
-               for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
-                       buf[i] = buffer_handle(pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].hdr);
+               for (i = 0, nfree = 0; i < num; i++) {
+                       new_hdr = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].hdr;
+
+                       if (packet_ref_dec(new_hdr) == 1)
+                               buf[nfree++] = buffer_handle(new_hdr);
+               }
 
                /* First remaining segment is the new packet descriptor */
                new_hdr = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[num].hdr;
@@ -437,7 +489,8 @@ static inline odp_packet_hdr_t 
*free_segments(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr,
 
                pkt_hdr = new_hdr;
 
-               buffer_free_multi(buf, num);
+               if (nfree > 0)
+                       buffer_free_multi(buf, nfree);
        } else {
                /* Free last 'num' bufs */
                free_bufs(pkt_hdr, num_remain, num);
@@ -546,45 +599,34 @@ int odp_packet_alloc_multi(odp_pool_t pool_hdl, uint32_t 
len,
        return num;
 }
 
-void odp_packet_free(odp_packet_t pkt)
+static inline void packet_free(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
 {
-       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
-       int num_seg = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
-
-       if (odp_likely(CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS == 1 || num_seg == 1))
-               buffer_free_multi((odp_buffer_t *)&pkt, 1);
-       else
-               free_bufs(pkt_hdr, 0, num_seg);
-}
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *ref_hdr;
+       uint32_t ref_count;
 
-void odp_packet_free_multi(const odp_packet_t pkt[], int num)
-{
-       if (CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS == 1) {
-               buffer_free_multi((const odp_buffer_t * const)pkt, num);
-       } else {
-               odp_buffer_t buf[num * CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS];
-               int i, j;
-               int bufs = 0;
+       do {
+               ref_hdr = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+               ref_count = packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) - 1;
+               free_bufs(pkt_hdr, 0, pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount);
 
-               for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-                       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt[i]);
-                       int num_seg = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
-                       odp_buffer_hdr_t *buf_hdr = &pkt_hdr->buf_hdr;
+               if (ref_count == 1)
+                       pkt_hdr->unshared_len = pkt_hdr->frame_len;
 
-                       buf[bufs] = (odp_buffer_t)pkt[i];
-                       bufs++;
+               pkt_hdr = ref_hdr;
+       } while (pkt_hdr);
+}
 
-                       if (odp_likely(num_seg == 1))
-                               continue;
+void odp_packet_free(odp_packet_t pkt)
+{
+       packet_free(odp_packet_hdr(pkt));
+}
 
-                       for (j = 1; j < num_seg; j++) {
-                               buf[bufs] = buffer_handle(buf_hdr->seg[j].hdr);
-                               bufs++;
-                       }
-               }
+void odp_packet_free_multi(const odp_packet_t pkt[], int num)
+{
+       int i;
 
-               buffer_free_multi(buf, bufs);
-       }
+       for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
+               packet_free(odp_packet_hdr(pkt[i]));
 }
 
 int odp_packet_reset(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t len)
@@ -595,6 +637,9 @@ int odp_packet_reset(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t len)
        if (len > pool->headroom + pool->data_size + pool->tailroom)
                return -1;
 
+       if (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr)
+               packet_free(pkt_hdr->ref_hdr);
+
        packet_init(pkt_hdr, len, 0);
 
        return 0;
@@ -637,15 +682,21 @@ void *odp_packet_head(odp_packet_t pkt)
 uint32_t odp_packet_buf_len(odp_packet_t pkt)
 {
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       uint32_t buf_len = 0;
 
-       return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.size * pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
+       do {
+               buf_len += pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.size * pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
+               pkt_hdr  = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+       } while (pkt_hdr);
+
+       return buf_len;
 }
 
 void *odp_packet_data(odp_packet_t pkt)
 {
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
 
-       return packet_data(pkt_hdr);
+       return packet_map(pkt_hdr, 0, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
 uint32_t odp_packet_seg_len(odp_packet_t pkt)
@@ -657,7 +708,34 @@ uint32_t odp_packet_seg_len(odp_packet_t pkt)
 
 uint32_t odp_packet_len(odp_packet_t pkt)
 {
-       return odp_packet_hdr(pkt)->frame_len;
+       return packet_len(odp_packet_hdr(pkt));
+}
+
+uint32_t odp_packet_unshared_len(odp_packet_t pkt)
+{
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       uint32_t pkt_len = 0, offset = 0, refs = 0;
+
+       do {
+               if (packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) > 1) {
+                       if (refs)
+                               break;
+
+                       return pkt_hdr->unshared_len;
+               }
+
+               pkt_len += pkt_hdr->frame_len - offset;
+               offset   = pkt_hdr->ref_offset;
+
+               if (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr)
+                       offset += (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr->frame_len -
+                                  pkt_hdr->ref_len);
+
+               pkt_hdr = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+               refs++;
+       } while (pkt_hdr);
+
+       return pkt_len;
 }
 
 uint32_t odp_packet_headroom(odp_packet_t pkt)
@@ -667,12 +745,12 @@ uint32_t odp_packet_headroom(odp_packet_t pkt)
 
 uint32_t odp_packet_tailroom(odp_packet_t pkt)
 {
-       return odp_packet_hdr(pkt)->tailroom;
+       return odp_packet_last_hdr(pkt, NULL)->tailroom;
 }
 
 void *odp_packet_tail(odp_packet_t pkt)
 {
-       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_last_hdr(pkt, NULL);
 
        return packet_tail(pkt_hdr);
 }
@@ -871,7 +949,7 @@ int odp_packet_extend_head(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t len,
 {
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(*pkt);
        uint32_t frame_len = pkt_hdr->frame_len;
-       uint32_t headroom  = pkt_hdr->headroom;
+       uint32_t headroom = pkt_hdr->headroom;
        int ret = 0;
 
        if (len > headroom) {
@@ -886,6 +964,13 @@ int odp_packet_extend_head(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t len,
                segs = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
 
                if (odp_unlikely((segs + num) > CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS)) {
+                       /* Fail request if this is a referenced packet
+                        * since we cannot alter packet structure in this
+                        * case. Note that this should be an extremely
+                        * rare event. */
+                       if (packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) > 1)
+                               return -1;
+
                        /* Cannot directly add new segments */
                        odp_packet_hdr_t *new_hdr;
                        int new_segs = 0;
@@ -938,6 +1023,7 @@ int odp_packet_extend_head(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t len,
 
                        pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount = segs;
                        pkt_hdr->frame_len        = frame_len;
+                       pkt_hdr->unshared_len     = frame_len;
                        pkt_hdr->headroom         = offset + pool->headroom;
                        pkt_hdr->tailroom         = pool->tailroom;
 
@@ -963,11 +1049,16 @@ int odp_packet_extend_head(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t 
len,
                push_head(pkt_hdr, len);
        }
 
-       if (data_ptr)
-               *data_ptr = packet_data(pkt_hdr);
+       if (data_ptr || seg_len) {
+               uint32_t seg_ln = 0;
+               void *data = packet_map(pkt_hdr, 0, &seg_ln, NULL);
 
-       if (seg_len)
-               *seg_len = packet_first_seg_len(pkt_hdr);
+               if (data_ptr)
+                       *data_ptr = data;
+
+               if (seg_len)
+                       *seg_len = seg_ln;
+       }
 
        return ret;
 }
@@ -979,6 +1070,8 @@ void *odp_packet_pull_head(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t len)
        if (len > pkt_hdr->frame_len)
                return NULL;
 
+       ODP_ASSERT(len <= pkt_hdr->unshared_len);
+
        pull_head(pkt_hdr, len);
        return packet_data(pkt_hdr);
 }
@@ -986,15 +1079,40 @@ void *odp_packet_pull_head(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t 
len)
 int odp_packet_trunc_head(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t len,
                          void **data_ptr, uint32_t *seg_len_out)
 {
-       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(*pkt);
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(*pkt), *nxt_hdr;
        uint32_t seg_len = packet_first_seg_len(pkt_hdr);
+       int ret = 0;
 
-       if (len > pkt_hdr->frame_len)
+       if (len > packet_len(pkt_hdr))
                return -1;
 
-       if (len < seg_len) {
+       ODP_ASSERT(len <= odp_packet_unshared_len(*pkt));
+
+       /* Special processing for references */
+       while (len >= pkt_hdr->frame_len && pkt_hdr->ref_hdr) {
+               ODP_ASSERT(packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) == 1);
+               nxt_hdr = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+               len -= pkt_hdr->frame_len;
+
+               if (len > 0) {
+                       len += pkt_hdr->ref_offset +
+                               (nxt_hdr->frame_len - pkt_hdr->ref_len);
+                       pkt_hdr->ref_hdr = NULL;
+                       packet_free(pkt_hdr);
+                       pkt_hdr = nxt_hdr;
+                       seg_len = packet_first_seg_len(pkt_hdr);
+                       *pkt = packet_handle(pkt_hdr);
+                       ret = 1;
+               } else {
+                       pkt_hdr->frame_len = 0;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS == 1 ||
+           len < seg_len ||
+           pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount == 1) {
                pull_head(pkt_hdr, len);
-       } else if (CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS != 1) {
+       } else {
                int num = 0;
                uint32_t pull_len = 0;
 
@@ -1009,23 +1127,29 @@ int odp_packet_trunc_head(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t 
len,
                *pkt    = packet_handle(pkt_hdr);
        }
 
-       if (data_ptr)
-               *data_ptr = packet_data(pkt_hdr);
+       if (data_ptr || seg_len_out) {
+               void *data_head = packet_map(pkt_hdr, 0, &seg_len, NULL);
 
-       if (seg_len_out)
-               *seg_len_out = packet_first_seg_len(pkt_hdr);
+               if (data_ptr)
+                       *data_ptr = data_head;
 
-       return 0;
+               if (seg_len_out)
+                       *seg_len_out = seg_len;
+       }
+
+       return ret;
 }
 
 void *odp_packet_push_tail(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t len)
 {
-       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_last_hdr(pkt, NULL);
        void *old_tail;
 
        if (len > pkt_hdr->tailroom)
                return NULL;
 
+       ODP_ASSERT(packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) == 1);
+
        old_tail = packet_tail(pkt_hdr);
        push_tail(pkt_hdr, len);
 
@@ -1035,12 +1159,14 @@ void *odp_packet_push_tail(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t 
len)
 int odp_packet_extend_tail(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t len,
                           void **data_ptr, uint32_t *seg_len_out)
 {
-       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(*pkt);
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_last_hdr(*pkt, NULL);
        uint32_t frame_len = pkt_hdr->frame_len;
        uint32_t tailroom  = pkt_hdr->tailroom;
        uint32_t tail_off  = frame_len;
        int ret = 0;
 
+       ODP_ASSERT(packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) == 1);
+
        if (len > tailroom) {
                pool_t *pool = pool_entry_from_hdl(pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.pool_hdl);
                int num;
@@ -1132,6 +1258,7 @@ void *odp_packet_pull_tail(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t len)
        if (len > packet_last_seg_len(pkt_hdr))
                return NULL;
 
+       ODP_ASSERT(packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) == 1);
        pull_tail(pkt_hdr, len);
 
        return packet_tail(pkt_hdr);
@@ -1142,17 +1269,34 @@ int odp_packet_trunc_tail(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t 
len,
 {
        int last;
        uint32_t seg_len;
-       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(*pkt);
+       uint32_t offset;
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *first_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(*pkt);
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr, *prev_hdr;
 
-       if (len > pkt_hdr->frame_len)
+       if (len > packet_len(first_hdr))
                return -1;
 
+       pkt_hdr = odp_packet_last_hdr(*pkt, &offset);
+
+       /* Special processing for references */
+       while (len >= pkt_hdr->frame_len - offset && first_hdr->ref_hdr) {
+               len -= (pkt_hdr->frame_len - offset);
+               prev_hdr = odp_packet_prev_hdr(first_hdr, pkt_hdr, &offset);
+               ODP_ASSERT(packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) == 1);
+               prev_hdr->ref_hdr = NULL;
+               packet_free(pkt_hdr);
+               pkt_hdr = prev_hdr;
+       }
+
+       ODP_ASSERT(packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) == 1);
        last    = packet_last_seg(pkt_hdr);
        seg_len = packet_seg_len(pkt_hdr, last);
 
-       if (len < seg_len) {
+       if (CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS == 1 ||
+           len < seg_len ||
+           pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount == 1) {
                pull_tail(pkt_hdr, len);
-       } else if (CONFIG_PACKET_MAX_SEGS != 1) {
+       } else {
                int num = 0;
                uint32_t pull_len = 0;
 
@@ -1359,35 +1503,50 @@ void odp_packet_ts_set(odp_packet_t pkt, odp_time_t 
timestamp)
 
 int odp_packet_is_segmented(odp_packet_t pkt)
 {
-       return odp_packet_hdr(pkt)->buf_hdr.segcount > 1;
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+
+       return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount > 1 || pkt_hdr->ref_hdr != NULL;
 }
 
 int odp_packet_num_segs(odp_packet_t pkt)
 {
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       uint32_t segcount = 0, i;
+       uint32_t seg_offset = 0, offset;
+
+       do {
+               segcount += pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount - seg_offset;
+               offset    = pkt_hdr->ref_offset;
+               pkt_hdr   = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+               if (pkt_hdr) {
+                       for (i = 0, seg_offset = 0;
+                            i < pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
+                            i++, seg_offset++) {
+                               if (offset < pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].len)
+                                       break;
+                               offset -= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].len;
+                       }
+               }
+       } while (pkt_hdr);
 
-       return pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
+       return segcount;
 }
 
-odp_packet_seg_t odp_packet_first_seg(odp_packet_t pkt)
+odp_packet_seg_t odp_packet_first_seg(odp_packet_t pkt ODP_UNUSED)
 {
-       (void)pkt;
-
        return 0;
 }
 
 odp_packet_seg_t odp_packet_last_seg(odp_packet_t pkt)
 {
-       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
-
-       return packet_last_seg(pkt_hdr);
+       return (odp_packet_seg_t)(odp_packet_num_segs(pkt) - 1);
 }
 
 odp_packet_seg_t odp_packet_next_seg(odp_packet_t pkt, odp_packet_seg_t seg)
 {
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
 
-       if (odp_unlikely(seg >= (odp_packet_seg_t)packet_last_seg(pkt_hdr)))
+       if (odp_unlikely(seg >= packet_last_seg(pkt_hdr)))
                return ODP_PACKET_SEG_INVALID;
 
        return seg + 1;
@@ -1403,21 +1562,51 @@ odp_packet_seg_t odp_packet_next_seg(odp_packet_t pkt, 
odp_packet_seg_t seg)
 void *odp_packet_seg_data(odp_packet_t pkt, odp_packet_seg_t seg)
 {
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       uint32_t seg_offset = 0, offset = 0, i;
+
+       while (seg >= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount - seg_offset &&
+              pkt_hdr->ref_hdr) {
+               seg    -= (pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount - seg_offset);
+               offset  = pkt_hdr->ref_offset;
+               pkt_hdr = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+               for (i = 0, seg_offset = 0;
+                    i < pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
+                    i++, seg_offset++) {
+                       if (offset < pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].len)
+                               break;
+                       offset -= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].len;
+               }
+       }
 
-       if (odp_unlikely(seg >= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount))
+       if (odp_unlikely(seg + seg_offset >= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount))
                return NULL;
 
-       return packet_seg_data(pkt_hdr, seg);
+       return packet_seg_data(pkt_hdr, seg + seg_offset) + offset;
 }
 
 uint32_t odp_packet_seg_data_len(odp_packet_t pkt, odp_packet_seg_t seg)
 {
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       uint32_t seg_offset = 0, offset = 0, i;
+
+       while (seg >= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount - seg_offset &&
+              pkt_hdr->ref_hdr) {
+               seg    -= (pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount - seg_offset);
+               offset  = pkt_hdr->ref_offset;
+               pkt_hdr = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+               for (i = 0, seg_offset = 0;
+                    i < pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount;
+                    i++, seg_offset++) {
+                       if (offset < pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].len)
+                               break;
+                       offset -= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].len;
+               }
+       }
 
-       if (odp_unlikely(seg >= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount))
+       if (odp_unlikely(seg + seg_offset >= pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount))
                return 0;
 
-       return packet_seg_len(pkt_hdr, seg);
+       return packet_seg_len(pkt_hdr, seg + seg_offset) - offset;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1431,7 +1620,7 @@ int odp_packet_add_data(odp_packet_t *pkt_ptr, uint32_t 
offset, uint32_t len)
 {
        odp_packet_t pkt = *pkt_ptr;
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
-       uint32_t pktlen = pkt_hdr->frame_len;
+       uint32_t pktlen = packet_len(pkt_hdr);
        odp_packet_t newpkt;
 
        if (offset > pktlen)
@@ -1499,6 +1688,8 @@ int odp_packet_align(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t offset, 
uint32_t len,
        if (align > ODP_CACHE_LINE_SIZE)
                return -1;
 
+       ODP_ASSERT(odp_packet_has_ref(*pkt) == 0);
+
        if (seglen >= len) {
                misalign = align <= 1 ? 0 :
                        ODP_ALIGN_ROUNDUP(uaddr, align) - uaddr;
@@ -1580,6 +1771,114 @@ int odp_packet_split(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t len, 
odp_packet_t *tail)
 }
 
 /*
+ * References
+ */
+
+static inline void packet_ref(odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr)
+{
+       uint32_t i;
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *hdr;
+
+       do {
+               for (i = 0; i < pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.segcount; i++) {
+                       hdr = pkt_hdr->buf_hdr.seg[i].hdr;
+                       packet_ref_inc(hdr);
+               }
+
+               pkt_hdr = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+       } while (pkt_hdr);
+}
+
+static inline odp_packet_t packet_splice(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t offset,
+                                        odp_packet_t hdr)
+{
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *ref_hdr, *pkt_hdr;
+
+       pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       ref_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(hdr);
+
+       /* Catch attempted references to stale handles in debug builds */
+       ODP_ASSERT(packet_ref_count(pkt_hdr) > 0);
+
+       /* Splicing is from the last section of src pkt */
+       while (ref_hdr->ref_hdr)
+               ref_hdr = ref_hdr->ref_hdr;
+
+       /* Find section where splice begins */
+       while (offset >= pkt_hdr->frame_len && pkt_hdr->ref_hdr) {
+               offset   -= (pkt_hdr->frame_len - pkt_hdr->ref_offset);
+               offset   += (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr->frame_len - pkt_hdr->ref_len);
+               pkt_hdr   = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+       }
+
+       ref_hdr->ref_hdr    = pkt_hdr;
+       ref_hdr->ref_offset = offset;
+       ref_hdr->ref_len    = pkt_hdr->frame_len;
+
+       if (offset < pkt_hdr->unshared_len)
+               pkt_hdr->unshared_len = offset;
+
+       packet_ref(pkt_hdr);
+       return hdr;
+}
+
+odp_packet_t odp_packet_ref_static(odp_packet_t pkt)
+{
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+
+       pkt_hdr->unshared_len = 0;
+       packet_ref(pkt_hdr);
+       return pkt;
+}
+
+odp_packet_t odp_packet_ref(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t offset)
+{
+       odp_packet_t hdr;
+
+       if (pkt == ODP_PACKET_INVALID || offset >= odp_packet_len(pkt))
+               return ODP_PACKET_INVALID;
+
+       hdr = odp_packet_alloc(odp_packet_pool(pkt), 0);
+
+       if (hdr == ODP_PACKET_INVALID)
+               return ODP_PACKET_INVALID;
+
+       return packet_splice(pkt, offset, hdr);
+}
+
+odp_packet_t odp_packet_ref_pkt(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t offset,
+                               odp_packet_t hdr)
+{
+       if (pkt    == ODP_PACKET_INVALID ||
+           pkt    == hdr                ||
+           offset >= odp_packet_len(pkt))
+               return ODP_PACKET_INVALID;
+
+       if (hdr == ODP_PACKET_INVALID)
+               return odp_packet_ref(pkt, offset);
+
+       return packet_splice(pkt, offset, hdr);
+}
+
+int odp_packet_is_ref(odp_packet_t pkt)
+{
+       odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
+       uint32_t ref_count = 0;
+
+       while (pkt_hdr->ref_hdr) {
+               ref_count++;
+               pkt_hdr = pkt_hdr->ref_hdr;
+       }
+
+       return ref_count;
+}
+
+int odp_packet_has_ref(odp_packet_t pkt)
+{
+       return packet_ref_count(odp_packet_hdr(pkt)) - 1;
+}
+
+/*
  *
  * Copy
  * ********************************************************
@@ -1589,7 +1888,7 @@ int odp_packet_split(odp_packet_t *pkt, uint32_t len, 
odp_packet_t *tail)
 odp_packet_t odp_packet_copy(odp_packet_t pkt, odp_pool_t pool)
 {
        odp_packet_hdr_t *srchdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
-       uint32_t pktlen = srchdr->frame_len;
+       uint32_t pktlen = packet_len(srchdr);
        odp_packet_t newpkt = odp_packet_alloc(pool, pktlen);
 
        if (newpkt != ODP_PACKET_INVALID) {
@@ -1600,6 +1899,7 @@ odp_packet_t odp_packet_copy(odp_packet_t pkt, odp_pool_t 
pool)
                }
        }
 
+       srchdr = odp_packet_hdr(newpkt);
        return newpkt;
 }
 
@@ -1628,7 +1928,7 @@ int odp_packet_copy_to_mem(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t 
offset,
        uint8_t *dstaddr = (uint8_t *)dst;
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
 
-       if (offset + len > pkt_hdr->frame_len)
+       if (offset + len > packet_len(pkt_hdr))
                return -1;
 
        while (len > 0) {
@@ -1652,7 +1952,7 @@ int odp_packet_copy_from_mem(odp_packet_t pkt, uint32_t 
offset,
        const uint8_t *srcaddr = (const uint8_t *)src;
        odp_packet_hdr_t *pkt_hdr = odp_packet_hdr(pkt);
 
-       if (offset + len > pkt_hdr->frame_len)
+       if (offset + len > packet_len(pkt_hdr))
                return -1;
 
        while (len > 0) {
@@ -1680,8 +1980,8 @@ int odp_packet_copy_from_pkt(odp_packet_t dst, uint32_t 
dst_offset,
        uint32_t src_seglen = 0; /* GCC */
        int overlap;
 
-       if (dst_offset + len > dst_hdr->frame_len ||
-           src_offset + len > src_hdr->frame_len)
+       if (dst_offset + len > packet_len(dst_hdr) ||
+           src_offset + len > packet_len(src_hdr))
                return -1;
 
        overlap = (dst_hdr == src_hdr &&
@@ -1767,7 +2067,7 @@ void odp_packet_print(odp_packet_t pkt)
        len += snprintf(&str[len], n - len,
                        "  l4_offset    %" PRIu32 "\n", hdr->p.l4_offset);
        len += snprintf(&str[len], n - len,
-                       "  frame_len    %" PRIu32 "\n", hdr->frame_len);
+                       "  frame_len    %" PRIu32 "\n", packet_len(hdr));
        len += snprintf(&str[len], n - len,
                        "  input        %" PRIu64 "\n",
                        odp_pktio_to_u64(hdr->input));
-- 
2.7.4

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