ceki 2003/09/23 11:52:51
Modified: src/java/org/apache/joran/action ActionConst.java
src/java/org/apache/joran JoranParser.java RuleStore.java
SimpleRuleStore.java
tests build.xml
src/java/org/apache/log4j/pattern PatternParser.java
. build.xml
tests/src/java/org/apache/joran JoranParserTest.java
src/java/org/apache/log4j PatternLayout.java
Added: src/java/org/apache/joran/action ConversionRuleAction.java
NewRuleAction.java
tests/input/joran conversionRule.xml
Log:
- Joran, through its ConversionRuleAction, can now deal with new
conversion words for a PatternLayout.
- Joran can learn new rules on the fiy. (Not yet tested)
Revision Changes Path
1.3 +3 -1 jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/action/ActionConst.java
Index: ActionConst.java
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/action/ActionConst.java,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -r1.2 -r1.3
--- ActionConst.java 11 Sep 2003 17:25:24 -0000 1.2
+++ ActionConst.java 23 Sep 2003 18:52:50 -0000 1.3
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
public static final String VALUE_ATTRIBUTE = "value";
public static final String CLASS_ATTRIBUTE = "class";
public static final String ADDITIVITY_ATTRIBUTE = "additivity";
-
+ public static final String CONVERTER_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE = "converterClass";
+ public static final String CONVERSION_WORD_ATTRIBUTE = "conversionWord";
+ public static final String PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE = "pattern";
public static final String ACTION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE = "actionClass";
static final String INHERITED = "INHERITED";
static final String NULL = "NULL";
1.1
jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/action/ConversionRuleAction.java
Index: ConversionRuleAction.java
===================================================================
/*
* ============================================================================
* The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
* ============================================================================
*
* Copyright (C) 1999 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modifica-
* tion, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if any, must
* include the following acknowledgment: "This product includes software
* developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
* Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, if
* and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
*
* 4. The names "log4j" and "Apache Software Foundation" must not be used to
* endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior
* written permission. For written permission, please contact
* [EMAIL PROTECTED]
*
* 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache", nor may
* "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written permission of the
* Apache Software Foundation.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
* INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLU-
* DING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
* ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals
* on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more information on the
* Apache Software Foundation, please see <http://www.apache.org/>.
*
*/
package org.apache.joran.action;
import org.apache.joran.ExecutionContext;
import org.apache.joran.helper.Option;
import org.apache.log4j.Layout;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
public class ConversionRuleAction extends Action {
static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ConversionRuleAction.class);
Layout layout;
/**
* Instantiates an layout of the given class and sets its name.
*
*/
public void begin(ExecutionContext ec, Element element) {
// Let us forget about previous errors (in this object)
inError = false;
String errorMsg;
String conversionWord =
element.getAttribute(ActionConst.CONVERSION_WORD_ATTRIBUTE);
String converterClass =
element.getAttribute(ActionConst.CONVERTER_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE);
if (Option.isEmpty(conversionWord)) {
inError = true;
errorMsg = "No 'conversionWord' attribute in <conversionRule>";
logger.warn(errorMsg);
ec.addError(errorMsg);
return;
}
if (Option.isEmpty(converterClass)) {
inError = true;
errorMsg = "No 'converterClass' attribute in <conversionRule>";
logger.warn(errorMsg);
ec.addError(errorMsg);
return;
}
try {
logger.debug(
"About to add conversion rule [" + conversionWord + ", "
+ converterClass + "] to layout");
Object o = ec.peekObject();
if (o instanceof PatternLayout) {
PatternLayout patternLayout = (PatternLayout) o;
patternLayout.addConversionRule(conversionWord, converterClass);
}
} catch (Exception oops) {
inError = true;
errorMsg = "Could not add conversion rule to PatternLayout.";
logger.error(errorMsg, oops);
ec.addError(errorMsg);
}
}
/**
* Once the children elements are also parsed, now is the time to activate
* the appender options.
*/
public void end(ExecutionContext ec, Element e) {
}
public void finish(ExecutionContext ec) {
}
}
1.1
jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/action/NewRuleAction.java
Index: NewRuleAction.java
===================================================================
/*
* ============================================================================
* The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
* ============================================================================
*
* Copyright (C) 1999 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modifica-
* tion, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if any, must
* include the following acknowledgment: "This product includes software
* developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
* Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself, if
* and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
*
* 4. The names "log4j" and "Apache Software Foundation" must not be used to
* endorse or promote products derived from this software without prior
* written permission. For written permission, please contact
* [EMAIL PROTECTED]
*
* 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache", nor may
* "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written permission of the
* Apache Software Foundation.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
* INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLU-
* DING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
* ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
* THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals
* on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more information on the
* Apache Software Foundation, please see <http://www.apache.org/>.
*
*/
package org.apache.joran.action;
import org.apache.joran.ExecutionContext;
import org.apache.joran.Pattern;
import org.apache.joran.helper.Option;
import org.apache.log4j.Layout;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
public class NewRuleAction extends Action {
static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NewRuleAction.class);
Layout layout;
/**
* Instantiates an layout of the given class and sets its name.
*
*/
public void begin(ExecutionContext ec, Element element) {
// Let us forget about previous errors (in this object)
inError = false;
String errorMsg;
String pattern = element.getAttribute(ActionConst.PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE);
String actionClass = element.getAttribute(ActionConst.ACTION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE);
if(Option.isEmpty(pattern)) {
inError = true;
errorMsg = "No 'patern' attribute in <newRule>";
logger.warn(errorMsg);
ec.addError(errorMsg);
return;
}
if(Option.isEmpty(actionClass)) {
inError = true;
errorMsg = "No 'actionClass' attribute in <newRule>";
logger.warn(errorMsg);
ec.addError(errorMsg);
return;
}
try {
logger.debug("About to add new Joran parsing rule
["+pattern+","+actionClass+"].");
ec.getJoranParser().getRuleStore().addRule(new Pattern(pattern), actionClass);
} catch (Exception oops) {
inError = true;
errorMsg = "Could not add new Joran parsing rule
["+pattern+","+actionClass+"]";
logger.error(errorMsg, oops);
ec.addError(errorMsg);
}
}
/**
* Once the children elements are also parsed, now is the time to activate
* the appender options.
*/
public void end(ExecutionContext ec, Element e) {
}
public void finish(ExecutionContext ec) {
}
}
1.6 +9 -0 jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/JoranParser.java
Index: JoranParser.java
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/JoranParser.java,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -r1.5 -r1.6
--- JoranParser.java 12 Sep 2003 18:24:26 -0000 1.5
+++ JoranParser.java 23 Sep 2003 18:52:51 -0000 1.6
@@ -195,4 +195,13 @@
action.end(ec, e);
}
}
+
+ public RuleStore getRuleStore() {
+ return ruleStore;
+ }
+
+ public void setRuleStore(RuleStore ruleStore) {
+ this.ruleStore = ruleStore;
+ }
+
}
1.5 +2 -2 jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/RuleStore.java
Index: RuleStore.java
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/RuleStore.java,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -r1.4 -r1.5
--- RuleStore.java 12 Sep 2003 18:24:26 -0000 1.4
+++ RuleStore.java 23 Sep 2003 18:52:51 -0000 1.5
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@
import java.util.List;
-import org.apache.joran.action.*;
-
+import org.apache.joran.action.Action;
public interface RuleStore {
+ public void addRule(Pattern pattern, String actionClassStr) throws
ClassNotFoundException;
public void addRule(Pattern pattern, Action action);
public List matchActions(Pattern pattern);
1.4 +19 -2 jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/SimpleRuleStore.java
Index: SimpleRuleStore.java
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/joran/SimpleRuleStore.java,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -r1.3 -r1.4
--- SimpleRuleStore.java 2 Sep 2003 18:36:29 -0000 1.3
+++ SimpleRuleStore.java 23 Sep 2003 18:52:51 -0000 1.4
@@ -49,15 +49,20 @@
package org.apache.joran;
+import org.apache.joran.action.*;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.log4j.helpers.OptionConverter;
+
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
-import org.apache.joran.action.*;
-
public class SimpleRuleStore implements RuleStore {
+ final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SimpleRuleStore.class);
+
HashMap rules = new HashMap();
public void addRule(Pattern pattern, Action action) {
@@ -70,6 +75,18 @@
}
a4p.add(action);
+ }
+
+ public void addRule(Pattern pattern, String actionClassName) {
+ Action action =
+ (Action) OptionConverter.instantiateByClassName(
+ actionClassName, Action.class, null);
+
+ if (action != null) {
+ addRule(pattern, action);
+ } else {
+ logger.warn("Could not intantiate Action of class ["+actionClassName+"].");
+ }
}
public List matchActions(Pattern pattern) {
1.1 jakarta-log4j/tests/input/joran/conversionRule.xml
Index: conversionRule.xml
===================================================================
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration>
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/";>
<appender name="A1" class="org.apache.log4j.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<param name="File" value="output/temp.A1" />
<param name="Append" value="false" />
<rollingPolicy class="org.apache.log4j.rolling.SlidingWindowRollingPolicy">
<param name="activeFileName" value="output/parser3"/>
<param name="fileNamePattern" value="output/parser3.%i"/>
</rollingPolicy>
<triggeringPolicy class="org.apache.log4j.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
<param name="maxFileSize" value="100"/>
</triggeringPolicy>
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p %c{2} - %m%n"/>
<conversionRule conversionWord="toto" converterClass="org.apache.log4j.toto"/>
</layout>
</appender>
</log4j:configuration>
1.43 +35 -0 jakarta-log4j/tests/build.xml
Index: build.xml
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/tests/build.xml,v
retrieving revision 1.42
retrieving revision 1.43
diff -u -r1.42 -r1.43
--- build.xml 18 Sep 2003 21:26:55 -0000 1.42
+++ build.xml 23 Sep 2003 18:52:51 -0000 1.43
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
HierarchyThreshold, DefaultInit, SocketServer,
XMLLayout, AsyncAppender, ErrorHandler,
OptionConverter, BoundedFIFO,
+ Joran,
CyclicBuffer, OR, VariaLevelMatchFilter,
VariaLevelRangeFilter, PatternParser,
LevelMatchFilter, DRFA, Plugins,
@@ -122,6 +123,12 @@
<target name="longUnit" depends=""/>
<!-- ================================================================= -->
+ <!-- Joran unit tests -->
+ <!-- ================================================================= -->
+ <target name="Joran" depends="Pattern, SimpleStore, JoranParser"/>
+
+
+ <!-- ================================================================= -->
<!-- ============== Regression and Unit Tests follow ================= -->
<!-- ================================================================= -->
<target name="Minimum" depends="build, cleanOutputDir">
@@ -408,6 +415,34 @@
<test name="org.apache.log4j.rolling.helpers.CompressTestCase" />
</junit>
</target>
+
+ <target name="Pattern" depends="build, cleanOutputDir">
+ <junit printsummary="yes" fork="yes" haltonfailure="yes">
+ <classpath refid="tests.classpath"/>
+ <formatter type="plain" usefile="false" />
+ <test name="org.apache.joran.PatternTest" />
+ </junit>
+ </target>
+
+ <target name="SimpleStore" depends="build, cleanOutputDir">
+ <junit printsummary="yes" fork="yes" haltonfailure="yes">
+ <classpath refid="tests.classpath"/>
+ <formatter type="plain" usefile="false" />
+ <test name="org.apache.joran.SimpleStoreTest" />
+ </junit>
+ </target>
+
+
+ <target name="JoranParser" depends="build, cleanOutputDir">
+ <junit printsummary="yes" fork="yes" haltonfailure="yes">
+ <classpath refid="tests.classpath"/>
+ <formatter type="plain" usefile="false" />
+ <test name="org.apache.joran.JoranParserTest" />
+ </junit>
+ </target>
+
+
+
<!-- ================================================================= -->
<!-- ========================= Very long Tests ======================= -->
1.7 +4 -4
jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/log4j/pattern/PatternParser.java
Index: PatternParser.java
===================================================================
RCS file:
/home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/log4j/pattern/PatternParser.java,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -r1.6 -r1.7
--- PatternParser.java 19 Sep 2003 19:54:12 -0000 1.6
+++ PatternParser.java 23 Sep 2003 18:52:51 -0000 1.7
@@ -369,15 +369,15 @@
String converterId = extractConverter(c);
- System.out.println("converter ID[" + converterId + "]");
- System.out.println("c is [" + c + "]");
+ //System.out.println("converter ID[" + converterId + "]");
+ //System.out.println("c is [" + c + "]");
String className = (String) findConverterClass(converterId);
- System.out.println("converter class [" + className + "]");
+ //System.out.println("converter class [" + className + "]");
String option = extractOption();
- System.out.println("Option is [" + option + "]");
+ //System.out.println("Option is [" + option + "]");
if (className != null) {
pc =
(PatternConverter) OptionConverter.instantiateByClassName(
1.77 +3 -1 jakarta-log4j/build.xml
Index: build.xml
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/build.xml,v
retrieving revision 1.76
retrieving revision 1.77
diff -u -r1.76 -r1.77
--- build.xml 23 Sep 2003 13:17:03 -0000 1.76
+++ build.xml 23 Sep 2003 18:52:51 -0000 1.77
@@ -582,7 +582,9 @@
org.apache.log4j.varia,
org.apache.log4j.chainsaw,
org.apache.log4j.xml,
- org.apache.log4j.xml.examples"
+ org.apache.log4j.xml.examples,
+ org.apache.joran,
+ org.apache.joran.action"
additionalparam="-breakiterator"
version="true"
protected="true"
1.5 +43 -2
jakarta-log4j/tests/src/java/org/apache/joran/JoranParserTest.java
Index: JoranParserTest.java
===================================================================
RCS file:
/home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/tests/src/java/org/apache/joran/JoranParserTest.java,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -r1.4 -r1.5
--- JoranParserTest.java 12 Sep 2003 18:24:26 -0000 1.4
+++ JoranParserTest.java 23 Sep 2003 18:52:51 -0000 1.5
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
import org.apache.joran.action.ActionConst;
import org.apache.joran.action.AppenderAction;
import org.apache.joran.action.AppenderRefAction;
+import org.apache.joran.action.ConversionRuleAction;
import org.apache.joran.action.LayoutAction;
import org.apache.joran.action.LevelAction;
import org.apache.joran.action.LoggerAction;
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@
import org.apache.joran.action.ParamAction;
import org.apache.joran.action.RootLoggerAction;
+import org.apache.log4j.Appender;
import org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@
jp.parse(doc);
}
- public void testLoop3() throws Exception {
+ public void xtestLoop3() throws Exception {
logger.debug("Starting testLoop3");
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = null;
@@ -201,8 +203,9 @@
new Pattern("log4j:configuration/logger/level"), new LevelAction());
rs.addRule(
new Pattern("log4j:configuration/root"), new RootLoggerAction());
+
//rs.addRule(
- //new Pattern("log4j:configuration/root/level"), new LevelAction());
+ //new Pattern("log4j:configuration/root/level"), new LevelAction());
rs.addRule(
new Pattern("log4j:configuration/logger/appender-ref"),
new AppenderRefAction());
@@ -224,5 +227,43 @@
ec.pushObject(LogManager.getLoggerRepository());
logger.debug("About to parse doc");
jp.parse(doc);
+ }
+
+ public void testNewConversionWord() throws Exception {
+ logger.debug("Starting testNewConversionWord");
+
+ DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = null;
+
+ dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+
+ DocumentBuilder docBuilder = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
+
+ //inputSource.setSystemId("dummy://log4j.dtd");
+ Document doc = docBuilder.parse("file:input/joran/conversionRule.xml");
+ RuleStore rs = new SimpleRuleStore();
+ rs.addRule(
+ new Pattern("log4j:configuration/appender"), new AppenderAction());
+ rs.addRule(
+ new Pattern("log4j:configuration/appender/layout"), new LayoutAction());
+ rs.addRule(
+ new Pattern("log4j:configuration/appender/layout/conversionRule"),
+ new ConversionRuleAction());
+
+ rs.addRule(new Pattern("*/param"), new ParamAction());
+
+ JoranParser jp = new JoranParser(rs);
+ jp.addImplcitAction(new NestComponentIA());
+
+ ExecutionContext ec = jp.getExecutionContext();
+ HashMap omap = ec.getObjectMap();
+ omap.put(ActionConst.APPENDER_BAG, new HashMap());
+ ec.pushObject(LogManager.getLoggerRepository());
+ jp.parse(doc);
+
+ HashMap appenderBag =
+ (HashMap) ec.getObjectMap().get(ActionConst.APPENDER_BAG);
+ Appender appender = (Appender) appenderBag.get("A1");
+ PatternLayout pl = (PatternLayout) appender.getLayout();
+ assertEquals("org.apache.log4j.toto", pl.getRuleRegistry().get("toto"));
}
}
1.24 +15 -15 jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/log4j/PatternLayout.java
Index: PatternLayout.java
===================================================================
RCS file: /home/cvs/jakarta-log4j/src/java/org/apache/log4j/PatternLayout.java,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -r1.23 -r1.24
--- PatternLayout.java 18 Sep 2003 21:26:55 -0000 1.23
+++ PatternLayout.java 23 Sep 2003 18:52:51 -0000 1.24
@@ -62,21 +62,21 @@
// Anders Kristensen <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
/**
-
- A flexible layout configurable with pattern string.
-
- <p>The goal of this class is to [EMAIL PROTECTED] #format format} a [EMAIL
PROTECTED]
- LoggingEvent} and return the results as a String. The results
- depend on the <em>conversion pattern</em>.
-
- <p>The conversion pattern is closely related to the conversion
- pattern of the printf function in C. A conversion pattern is
- composed of literal text and format control expressions called
- <em>conversion specifiers</em>.
-
- <p><i>You are free to insert any literal text within the conversion
- pattern.</i>
-
+ * <p>A flexible layout configurable with pattern string. The goal of this class
+ * is to [EMAIL PROTECTED] #format format} a [EMAIL PROTECTED] LoggingEvent} and
return the results
+ * in a {#link StringBuffer}. The format of the result depensd on the
+ * <em>conversion pattern</em>.
+ * <p>
+ *
+ * <p>The conversion pattern is closely related to the conversion
+ * pattern of the printf function in C. A conversion pattern is
+ * composed of literal text and format control expressions called
+ * <em>conversion specifiers</em>.
+ *
+ * <p><i>Note that you are free to insert any literal text within the
+ * conversion pattern.</i>
+ * </p>
+
<p>Each conversion specifier starts with a percent sign (%) and is
followed by optional <em>format modifiers</em> and a <em>conversion
character</em>. The conversion character specifies the type of
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