Historically double fret loops seem to have been the norm; there was an
   exchange of emails on this topic some time ago - see the archives.
   Other than Thomas Mace, who mentions single loops but when explaining
   how to tie the fret knot describes  the normal double loop, I'm not
   aware of any other evidence for single loops.  Single loops seem to
   have been a sort of continuation of (modern) guitar practice of a
   single (here fixed) fret which early modern lutenists (mostly
   ex-guitarists) copied and seem reluctant to discard........

   It has been speculated that double frets create buzzing but in fact the
   gut closest to the finger takes most of the heavy wear and soon beds
   down leaving the second gut to keep a clean take-off for considerably
   longer than a single loop. In addition, being double the length of a
   single loop, the double loop also has twice the elongation(stretch) for
   he same tie force and allows it to be tied lower (ie closer to the nut)
   as Mace advises and then pulled up to ensure a very secure position.
   Try it!

   MH

   From: William Samson <willsam...@yahoo.co.uk>
   To: "lute@cs.dartmouth.edu" <lute@cs.dartmouth.edu>
   Sent: Wednesday, 31 August 2011, 13:19
   Subject: [LUTE] Re: long strings?
     I wonder how many of today's lutenists are using double gut frets?
   It
     would seem that until the time of Thomas Mace (who I think was the
     first to mention the use of single frets), and maybe for some time
     after that double frets were the norm.  Players who have used them
   will
     probably tell you that they do affect the quality of sound produced.
     So - In our search for an authentic playing experience and sound,
     shouldn't the use of double frets be high on our priority list?  In
     case you are unfamiliar with the double fret knot, it is described at
     David van Edwards's website -
     [1][1]http://www.vanedwards.co.uk/fretknot.htm
     Bill
     From: sterling price <[2]spiffys84...@yahoo.com>
     To: Garry Warber <[3]garrywar...@hughes.net>;
   "[4]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu"
     <[5]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu>
     Sent: Wednesday, 31 August 2011, 7:30
     Subject: [LUTE] Re: long strings?
       As any good luthier will tell you today, hide glue is still
   superior
     to
       modern glue for several reasons.
       --Sterling
       Subject: [LUTE] Re: long strings?
       Or, As I enjoy assuming, the "old ones" used the best they had, and
     if
       they'd had epoxy glue and nylon strings that's what they'd have
       used...  :-)
       Things can get endlessly circular in these beliefs.  I just like
   how
       well
       the early music is written!  The stuff plays itself without a lot
   of
       "interpretive gimmicks."  I'm all for re-creating their sound as
     close
       as we
       can, for others.  For myself, a totally modern lute is just
   ducky...
       :-)
       Garry
       -----Original Message-----
       From: Roman Turovsky
       Sent: Tuesday, August 30, 2011 7:27 AM
       To: Martyn Hodgson ; [1][2][6]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu ; andy butler
       Subject: [LUTE] Re: long strings?
       There is a great likelihood that "our" gut is rather acoustically
       different
       from "their".
       Lets not forget to use the honest modifier "approximation of".
       RT
       ----- Original Message -----
       From: "Martyn Hodgson" <[2][3][7]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk>
       To: <[3][4][8]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu>; "andy butler"
       <[4][5][9]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk>
       Sent: Tuesday, August 30, 2011 7:01 AM
       Subject: [LUTE] Re: long strings?
       >
       >  The superiority of gut is chiefly that it was the material used
   by
       the
       >  Old Ones. If we have any pretensions to attempting to reproduce
     the
       >  sounds these early lutenist composers expected and their
   auditors
       >  heard, it is necessary to employ the same string materials.
       >
       >  MH
       >  --- On Tue, 30/8/11, andy butler
   <[5][6][10]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk>
     wrote:
       >
       >    From: andy butler <[6][7][11]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk>
       >    Subject: [LUTE] Re: long strings?
       >    To: [7][8][12]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
       >    Date: Tuesday, 30 August, 2011, 9:27
       >
       >  David van Ooijen wrote:
       >  > The basses are shortish, so a higher tuning would be better,
       >  actually.
       >  > If the instrument is tuned to g', gut diapassons are possible
     (if
       >  cost
       >  > is an issue use fret gut, it really is so much better than any
     of
       the
       >  > modern materials), otherwise carbon or metal-wounds seem to be
     the
       >  > best option.
       >  Beginner's questions.
       >  Is the superiority of gut down to the shorter sustain time
       >  that someone mentioned earlier?
       >  Is string damping really unpopular? (unnecessary?)
       >  andy
       >  To get on or off this list see list information at
       >
   [1][8][9][13]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
       >
       >  --
       >
       > References
       >
       >  1.
   [9][10][14]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
       >
       >
       --
     References
       1. mailto:[11][15]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
       2. mailto:[12][16]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk
       3. mailto:[13][17]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
       4. mailto:[14][18]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
       5. mailto:[15][19]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
       6. mailto:[16][20]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
       7. mailto:[17][21]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
       8. [18][22]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
       9. [19][23]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
     --
   References
     1. [24]http://www.vanedwards.co.uk/fretknot.htm
     2. mailto:[25]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
     3. mailto:[26]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk
     4. mailto:[27]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
     5. mailto:[28]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
     6. mailto:[29]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
     7. mailto:[30]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
     8. mailto:[31]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
     9. [32]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
     10. [33]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
     11. mailto:[34]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
     12. mailto:[35]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk
     13. mailto:[36]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
     14. mailto:[37]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
     15. mailto:[38]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
     16. mailto:[39]akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
     17. mailto:[40]lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
     18. [41]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
     19. [42]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html

   --

References

   1. http://www.vanedwards.co.uk/fretknot.htm
   2. mailto:spiffys84...@yahoo.com
   3. mailto:garrywar...@hughes.net
   4. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
   5. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
   6. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
   7. mailto:hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk
   8. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
   9. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  10. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  11. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  12. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  13. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  14. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  15. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  16. mailto:hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk
  17. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  18. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  19. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  20. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  21. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  22. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  23. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  24. http://www.vanedwards.co.uk/fretknot.htm
  25. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  26. mailto:hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk
  27. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  28. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  29. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  30. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  31. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  32. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  33. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  34. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  35. mailto:hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk
  36. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  37. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  38. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  39. mailto:akbut...@tiscali.co.uk
  40. mailto:lute@cs.dartmouth.edu
  41. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
  42. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html

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