Early history
One of the earliest discussions of equal temperament occurs in the
writing of [1]Aristoxenus in the 4th century BC.
[2]Vincenzo Galilei (father of [3]Galileo Galilei) was one of the first
practical advocates of twelve-tone equal temperament. He composed a set
of dance suites on each of the 12 notes of the chromatic scale in all
the "transposition keys", and published also, in his 1584 "[4]Fronimo",
24 + 1 [5]ricercars.^[6][22] He used the 18:17 ratio for fretting the
lute (although some adjustment was necessary for pure octaves).^[7][23]
Galilei's countryman and fellow [8]lutenist [9]Giacomo Gorzanis had
written music based on equal temperament by 1567.^[10][24]^[11][25]
Gorzanis was not the only lutenist to explore all modes or keys:
[12]Francesco Spinacino wrote a "Recercare de tutti li Toni"
([13]Ricercar in all the Tones) as early as 1507.^[14][26] In the 17th
century lutenist-composer [15]John Wilson wrote a set of 30 preludes
including 24 in all the major/minor keys.^[16][27]^[17][28]
[18]Henricus Grammateus drew a close approximation to equal temperament
in 1518. The first tuning rules in equal temperament were given by
[19]Giovani Maria Lanfranco in his "Scintille de musica".^[20][29]
[21]Zarlino in his [22]polemic with Galilei initially opposed equal
temperament but eventually conceded to it in relation to the [23]lute
in his Sopplimenti musicali in 1588.
RT
On 1/31/2016 12:04 PM, Dante Rosati wrote:
"something like" equal temperament. If you look at fret placing
instructions in Bermudo, etc, there is nothing that gives exact equal
temperament. There is also the use of tastini to take into account. But
yes, the convergence on equal temperament that became universal a few
hundred years later was probably spearheaded by the fretted instruments
(including viols). In any case, a "well temperament" is not equal
temperament.
On Sun, Jan 31, 2016 at 11:55 AM, Roman Turovsky
<[24]r.turov...@gmail.com> wrote:
Lute was an early vehicle of EQUAL temperament. and that is the
scholarly consensus.
RT
On 1/30/2016 8:53 PM, Dante Rosati wrote:
HI Zak - does the Galelei book talk about tuning? As you know,
there
were various methods of placing the frets back then, none of
which were
exactly equal temperament. maybe the problem is calling it "the
well
tempered lute", since "well temperament" such as Bach used in
his
keyboard cycle is not equal temperament either.
On Thu, Jan 28, 2016 at 5:08 PM, zak ozmo
<[1][25]z_o...@hotmail.com>
wrote:
Dear friends and colleagues,
I am excited to announce the upcoming release of my new
solo lute
CD on
Hyperion Records: Vincenzo Galilei: The Well-Tempered Lute:
[1][2][26]https://www.youtube.com/watch?vuvffo2bPs
This is the first volume of the fascinating well-tempered
lute
section
of Galileis Libro dintavolatura di liuto (1584), covering
dances
in
major and minor tonality on the first four steps of the
chromatic
scale; Galileis Libro was circulated 138 years before J.S.
Bachs
The
Well Tempered Clavier! I hope the recording will be of
interest.
With all best wishes,
Zak Ozmo
[2][3][27]www.zakozmo.com
[3][4][28]www.lavventuralondon.co.uk
--
References
1. [5][29]https://www.youtube.com/watch?vuvffo2bPs
2. [6][30]http://www.zakozmo.com/
3. [7][31]http://www.lavventuralondon.co.uk/
To get on or off this list see list information at
[8][32]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
--
References
1. mailto:[33]z_o...@hotmail.com
2. [34]https://www.youtube.com/watch?vuvffo2bPs
3. [35]http://www.zakozmo.com/
4. [36]http://www.lavventuralondon.co.uk/
5. [37]https://www.youtube.com/watch?vuvffo2bPs
6. [38]http://www.zakozmo.com/
7. [39]http://www.lavventuralondon.co.uk/
8. [40]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
--
References
Visible links
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoxenus
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo_Galilei
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fronimo_Dialogo
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricercar
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament#cite_note-22
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament#cite_note-23
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutenist
9.
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Gorzanis&actionit&redlink=1
10. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament#cite_note-24
11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament#cite_note-25
12. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Spinacino
13. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricercar
14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament#cite_note-26
15. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilson_%28composer%29
16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament#cite_note-27
17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament#cite_note-28
18. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_Grammateus
19.
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giovani_Maria_Lanfranco&actionit&redlink=1
20. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_temperament#cite_note-29
21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarlino
22. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polemic
23. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lute
24. mailto:r.turov...@gmail.com
25. mailto:z_o...@hotmail.com
26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?vuvffo2bPs
27. http://www.zakozmo.com/
28. http://www.lavventuralondon.co.uk/
29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?vuvffo2bPs
30. http://www.zakozmo.com/
31. http://www.lavventuralondon.co.uk/
32. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html
33. mailto:z_o...@hotmail.com
34. https://www.youtube.com/watch?vuvffo2bPs
35. http://www.zakozmo.com/
36. http://www.lavventuralondon.co.uk/
37. https://www.youtube.com/watch?vuvffo2bPs
38. http://www.zakozmo.com/
39. http://www.lavventuralondon.co.uk/
40. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/%7Ewbc/lute-admin/index.html
Hidden links:
42. mailto:r.turov...@gmail.com
