Thanks for reply!
I have configured the reply going through director ,but the reply is very
slowly.
在 2014-4-30，22:36，Anders Henke <anders.he...@1und1.de> 写道：
> On 30.04.2014, net.study....@gmail.com wrote:
>> 在 2014-4-30，19:56，Anders Henke <anders.he...@1und1.de> 写道：
>>
>>> There are multiple issues with this.
>>> -IP-address changes
>>> -possible port changes
>>>
>>>
>>> The client initiates a connection from Client-IP A to Director-VIP B:
>>>
>>> A->B, using a random source port number to destination port 80.
>>>
>>> The director rewrites the IP packet as if it had been sent
>>> from Client A to Realserver C and sends it to the realserver:
>>> A->C, using the client's source port number to destination port 80.
>>>
>>> If the realserver would reply to those director-NATed packet,
>>> the reply would look like this:
>>>
>>> C->A, from port 80 to client's source port
>>
>> At this time,if C could reply directly to A
>> ,not through director ,then what is the result?
>>
>>
>> After I configure well Lvs in NAT mode,
>> I find it deal with client's request so slowly, can not find the reason.
>
> If you're balancing only a single tcp port, the director will reply
> to any other tcp ports and protocols.
>
> So "ping" (icmp) will be answered from the director with the
> correct IP address, and the attempt to access a port without
> a listener on the director will result in "connection refused".
>
> When you're accessing the balanced tcp port, the realserver will reply
> from an unexpected IP address and the client will drop the packet as
> being invalid.
>
> After some timeout, the client will retry sending the packet,
> which will also fail. So it's not "slow" for your client to access the
> balanced service, it's "impossible" to establish a working connection.
>
>
> If you do want to bypass the director, ask yourself why you'd like to do so:
> - you're expecting more outgoing bandwith than the director will
> be able to handle: you need to use either direct routing or tunneling.
>
> - you're not comfortable with the idea of making your director also
> your host's default gateway.
>
> By choosing tunneling or direct routing, you'll gain that possibility,
> but maybe you don't want to care about the ARP problem (a minor
> configuration on every realserver - if you've forgotten one,
> that realserver may attract all traffic to be balanced) or
> about monitoring service X at IP address Y (the balanced IP
> is not directly accessible for monitoring, so all checks need
> to be performed at a different IP).
>
> If it's just a mindset issue - you may see it that way: if your director
> is not available, your service is not available and it doesn't matter
> that you can't access your hosts. In order to re-establish service,
> you need to make your director available anyway, and after you've done so,
> you may need to take care about your hosts.
>
>
>
>
> Anders
>
>
>>> The client in turn knows it did create a connection from A to B,
>>> but doesn't know about a connection from A to C and so can't
>>> match those reply packets with "the other" connection. Well,
>>> their destination port is known to be in use with a different connection,
>>> so why should A assume this to be valid?
>>>
>>> The reply packets are being dropped as being invalid.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Depending on your configuration, your director may also change
>>> the destination port, e.g. from 80 to 8080:
>>> A->C, using the client's source port number to destination port 8080
>>>
>>> ... and so the realserver's reply would look like this:
>>>
>>> C->A, from port 8080 to client's source port
>>>
>>> The client in turn knows it did create a connection from A to B.
>>> Any replies from C won't match that connection and so are being dropped.
>>> Neither IP address nor port number do even closely match a known connection,
>>> there's no way for the client to match them.
>>>
>>> In both cases, any firewall protecting A will perform similar
>>> checks and drop the reply packets, as they are not related to a known
>>> outgoing connection.
>>>
>>> By routing and "un-NAT'ing" the reply packet via the director, the
>>> director will rewrite the packet from 'C->A' to 'B->A' and rewrite
>>> any port changes as well to meet the expectations of A (or any
>>> firewall in between director and A).
>>>
>>>
>>> In Direct Routing mode, the IP packet isn't changed at all, just
>>> the ethernet destination MAC address ("outside" of the IP packet)
>>> is changed. In Tunneling mode, the incoming IP packet is encapsulated and
>>> isn't changed as well.
>>>
>>> That's why in Direct Routing and Tunneling mode, any replies will be sent
>>> bypassing your director and your director will only see "incoming" packets.
>>>
>>> And that's also the reason why in NAT mode, both incoming and outgoing
>>> bandwith are limited by the director, while in DR/TUN mode, the director
>>> only limits the incoming bandwith. Beside this, the extra complexity of
>>> performing NAT for incoming and outgoing packets does also affect the
>>> overall performance of the director.
>>>
>>>
>>> Best,
>>>
>>> Anders
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 30.04.2014, net.study....@gmail.com wrote:
>>>> The real server received packet's source ip is client ip , why not it
>>>> reply directly to client if there is router available route?
>>>>
>>>> 在 2014-4-29，22:43，Anders Henke <anders.he...@1und1.de> 写道：
>>>>
>>>>> On 29.04.2014, net.study....@gmail.com wrote:
>>>>>> In nat mode,does director do dnat and snat packets for all request
>>>>>> packets?
>>>>>
>>>>> In NAT mode, the director does perform destination nat on request packets,
>>>>> so your realserver does still see the correct "source" ip address.
>>>>>
>>>>> However, replies then need to be sent via the director as well, so the
>>>>> director can reverse the changed destination IP address and the client
>>>>> does see the reply packet from the "expected" IP address/port.
>>> --
>>> 1&1 Internet AG Expert Systems Architect (IT Operations)
>>> Brauerstrasse 50 v://49.721.91374.0
>>> D-76135 Karlsruhe f://49.721.91374.225
>>>
>>> Amtsgericht Montabaur HRB 6484
>>> Vorstand: Ralph Dommermuth, Frank Einhellinger, Robert Hoffmann,
>>> Andreas Hofmann, Markus Huhn, Hans-Henning Kettler, Uwe Lamnek,
>>> Jan Oetjen, Christian Würst
>>> Aufsichtsratsvorsitzender: Michael Scheeren
> --
> 1&1 Internet AG Expert Systems Architect (IT Operations)
> Brauerstrasse 50 v://49.721.91374.0
> D-76135 Karlsruhe f://49.721.91374.225
>
> Amtsgericht Montabaur HRB 6484
> Vorstand: Ralph Dommermuth, Frank Einhellinger, Robert Hoffmann,
> Andreas Hofmann, Markus Huhn, Hans-Henning Kettler, Uwe Lamnek,
> Jan Oetjen, Christian Würst
> Aufsichtsratsvorsitzender: Michael Scheeren
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